Characterising the interventions designed to affect the reporting of musculoskeletal imaging: a scoping review protocol using the COM-B model

INTRODUCTION: Attributing musculoskeletal (MSK) pain to normal and commonly occurring imaging findings, such as tendon, cartilage and spinal disc degeneration, has been shown to increase people’s fear of movement, reduce their optimism about recovery and increase healthcare costs. Interventions seeking to reduce the negative effects of MSK imaging reporting have had little effect. To understand the ineffectiveness of these interventions, this study seeks to scope their behavioural targets, intended mechanisms of action and theoretical underpinnings. This information alongside known barriers to helpful reporting can enable researchers to refine or create new more targeted interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Search terms will be devised by the research team. Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED and PsycINFO from inception to current day will be performed. The review will include studies, which have developed or evaluated interventions targeting the reporting of MSK imaging. Studies targeting the diagnosis of serious causes of MSK pain will be excluded. Two independent authors will extract study participant data using predefined extraction templates and intervention details using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. Interventions will be coded and mapped to the technique, mechanism of action and behavioural target according to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model categories. Any explicit models or theories used to inform the selection of interventions will be extracted and coded. The study characteristics, behaviour change techniques identified, behavioural targets according to the COM-B and context specific theories within the studies will be presented in narrative and table form. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The information from this review will be used to inform an intervention design process seeking to improve the communication of imaging results. The results will also be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and stakeholder events.