Ethnic Variation Trends in the Use of Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

BACKGROUND: Approximately 15%–20% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will require surgery during their lifetime. Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the preferred surgical option, which typically requires access to a specialist experienced in surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS: The aims of this study are the assessment of the comparative use of IPAA for UC among different racial/ethnic groups and observe trends over the past decade in the United States as well as the comparative assessment of their respective postoperative outcomes. This was an observational retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2009–2018 dataset. All patients with ICD-9/10CM codes for UC were included. The primary outcome was comparative trends in IPAA construction across races/ethnicities in the past decade, which was compared to White patients as reference. Multivariate regression analyses were used to adjust for age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index, income in patient zip code, insurance status, hospital region, location, size, and teaching status. RESULTS: The number of patients discharged from US hospitals with an associated diagnosis of UC increased between 2009 and 2018, but the number of patients undergoing an IPAA decreased during that time period. Of 1 153 363 admissions related to UC, 60 688 required surgery for UC, of whom 16 601 underwent IPAA in the study period. Of all the patients undergoing surgery for UC, 2862 (4.7%) were Black, while 44 351 were White. This analysis indicated that Black patients were less likely to undergo IPAA both in 2009 and in 2018 compared to Whites. Hispanic patients were significantly less likely to receive IPAA in 2009 but were no longer less likely to receive IPAA in 2018 when compared to Whites. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IPAA among Black patients requiring surgery for UC remains less common than amongst their White counterparts. Further research is needed to determine if racial disparity is a factor in decreased access to specialized care.