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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) highlights the intricate interplay between maternal substance use during pregnancy and the challenges neonates face from the distressing global opioid crisis. This comprehensive review captures the multilayered landscape of NAS, encircling its underlying mechanisms...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dumbhare, Omkar, Taksande, Amar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686242/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38034154
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47980
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author Dumbhare, Omkar
Taksande, Amar
author_facet Dumbhare, Omkar
Taksande, Amar
author_sort Dumbhare, Omkar
collection PubMed
description Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) highlights the intricate interplay between maternal substance use during pregnancy and the challenges neonates face from the distressing global opioid crisis. This comprehensive review captures the multilayered landscape of NAS, encircling its underlying mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostic intricacies, clinical manifestations, continuing developmental impacts, treatment paradigms, and the crucial role of multidisciplinary care. The core pathophysiology of NAS involves the transplacental passage of addictive substances, activating chemical dependence in the maturing fetus, which is characterized by neurotransmitter dysregulation, neuroadaptations, and receptor sensitization. A diverse clinical presentation ranges from central nervous system hyperactivity and autonomic dysregulation to gastrointestinal manifestations, necessitating homogenous assessment tools such as the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System. The demand for a multilayered approach is essential for comprehensive management, involving pharmacological interventions like morphine or methadone and non-pharmacological strategies such as swaddling. The complications of NAS are not only limited to but are also well beyond infancy, leading to behavioral, longstanding cognitive, and socioemotional consequences. Addressing these developmental arcs demands decisive longitudinal monitoring and early interventions. NAS management is fundamentally multidisciplinary, requiring the teamwork of nurses, social workers, psychologists, pediatricians, and neonatologists. Apart from the clinical realm, managing the psychosocial needs of families traversing NAS requires resources and empathy. A crucial comprehensive approach is essential to confront the challenges and limitations of NAS. From early identification and prevention to longstanding support through pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and psychological channels, it creates a holistic structure that emerges as the basis for understanding the complicated relationship between maternal substance use and its impact on neonates. An amalgamation of community engagement, society, policy initiatives, and medical expertise is essential to mitigate the repercussions of NAS and adopt healthier outcomes for affected infants.
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spelling pubmed-106862422023-11-30 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use Dumbhare, Omkar Taksande, Amar Cureus Pediatrics Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) highlights the intricate interplay between maternal substance use during pregnancy and the challenges neonates face from the distressing global opioid crisis. This comprehensive review captures the multilayered landscape of NAS, encircling its underlying mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostic intricacies, clinical manifestations, continuing developmental impacts, treatment paradigms, and the crucial role of multidisciplinary care. The core pathophysiology of NAS involves the transplacental passage of addictive substances, activating chemical dependence in the maturing fetus, which is characterized by neurotransmitter dysregulation, neuroadaptations, and receptor sensitization. A diverse clinical presentation ranges from central nervous system hyperactivity and autonomic dysregulation to gastrointestinal manifestations, necessitating homogenous assessment tools such as the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System. The demand for a multilayered approach is essential for comprehensive management, involving pharmacological interventions like morphine or methadone and non-pharmacological strategies such as swaddling. The complications of NAS are not only limited to but are also well beyond infancy, leading to behavioral, longstanding cognitive, and socioemotional consequences. Addressing these developmental arcs demands decisive longitudinal monitoring and early interventions. NAS management is fundamentally multidisciplinary, requiring the teamwork of nurses, social workers, psychologists, pediatricians, and neonatologists. Apart from the clinical realm, managing the psychosocial needs of families traversing NAS requires resources and empathy. A crucial comprehensive approach is essential to confront the challenges and limitations of NAS. From early identification and prevention to longstanding support through pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and psychological channels, it creates a holistic structure that emerges as the basis for understanding the complicated relationship between maternal substance use and its impact on neonates. An amalgamation of community engagement, society, policy initiatives, and medical expertise is essential to mitigate the repercussions of NAS and adopt healthier outcomes for affected infants. Cureus 2023-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10686242/ /pubmed/38034154 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47980 Text en Copyright © 2023, Dumbhare et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
Dumbhare, Omkar
Taksande, Amar
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use
title Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use
title_full Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use
title_fullStr Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use
title_full_unstemmed Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use
title_short Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Insight Over Impact of Maternal Substance Use
title_sort neonatal abstinence syndrome: an insight over impact of maternal substance use
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686242/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38034154
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47980
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