Association of Insomnia, Sleep Quality, and Sleep Duration With Risk of Physical Frailty in Middle-aged and Older People With HIV

BACKGROUND: Frailty is one of the major concerns among aging people with HIV (PWH). Evidence regarding the association between sleep disorders and physical frailty in PWH is limited. METHODS: PWH and HIV-negative individuals aged ≥40 years were included and frequency-matched in a 1:2 ratio by sex and age. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the association between sleep disorders and physical frailty, and restricted cubic splines were used to describe the dose–response association. The contribution of depression to the association was estimated by mediation analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1526 PWH and 3052 HIV-negative individuals were included. Logistic regression indicated that insomnia (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.63–5.72) and poor sleep quality (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.21–4.45) were significantly associated with physical frailty in middle-aged and older PWH, especially in those with current CD4+ T-cell counts <350 cells/µL, but not in HIV-negative participants. A U-shaped and J-shaped dose–response relation between sleep duration and physical frailty was observed in PWH and HIV-negative participants, respectively. Shorter and longer sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of physical frailty in PWH. However, in HIV-negative participants, only longer sleep duration was associated with physical frailty. Mediation analysis revealed that depression mediated the relation between sleep disorders and frailty among PWH. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disorders including insomnia, poor sleep quality, and short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with physical frailty among middle-aged and older PWH. Depression may play a mediating role in the sleep–frailty association.