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Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods

The present study investigated the utilization of blood clam shells as a potential substitute for conventional media, as well as the influence of the acclimation time on the efficacy of an intermittent slow sand filter (ISSF) in the treatment of real domestic wastewater. ISSF was operated with 16 h...

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Autores principales: Fitriani, Nurina, Theresia, Ledy, O'Marga, Timothy Tjahja Nugraha, Kurniawan, Setyo Budi, Supriyanto, Agus, Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh, Rietveld, Luuk C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38046171
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22577
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author Fitriani, Nurina
Theresia, Ledy
O'Marga, Timothy Tjahja Nugraha
Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
Supriyanto, Agus
Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
Rietveld, Luuk C.
author_facet Fitriani, Nurina
Theresia, Ledy
O'Marga, Timothy Tjahja Nugraha
Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
Supriyanto, Agus
Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
Rietveld, Luuk C.
author_sort Fitriani, Nurina
collection PubMed
description The present study investigated the utilization of blood clam shells as a potential substitute for conventional media, as well as the influence of the acclimation time on the efficacy of an intermittent slow sand filter (ISSF) in the treatment of real domestic wastewater. ISSF was operated with 16 h on and 8 h off, focusing on the parameters of turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate. Two media combinations (only blood clam shells [CC] and sand + blood clam shells [SC]) were operated under two different acclimatization periods (14 and 28 d). Results showed that SC medium exhibited significantly higher removal of turbidity (p < 0.05) as compared to CC medium (45.99 ± 26.84 % vs. 3.79 ± 9.35 %), while CC exhibited slightly higher (p > 0.05) removal of ammonia (23.12 ± 20.2 % vs. 16.77 ± 16.8 %) and phosphate (18.03 ± 11.96 % vs 13.48 ± 12 %). Comparing the acclimatization periods, the 28 d of acclimatization period showed higher overall performances than the 14 d. Further optimizations need to be conducted to obtain an effluent value below the national permissible limit, since the ammonia and phosphate parameters are still slightly higher. SEM analysis confirmed the formation of biofilm on both mediums after 28 d of acclimatization; with further analysis of schmutzdecke formation need to be carried out to enrich the results.
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spelling pubmed-106868682023-12-01 Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods Fitriani, Nurina Theresia, Ledy O'Marga, Timothy Tjahja Nugraha Kurniawan, Setyo Budi Supriyanto, Agus Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Rietveld, Luuk C. Heliyon Research Article The present study investigated the utilization of blood clam shells as a potential substitute for conventional media, as well as the influence of the acclimation time on the efficacy of an intermittent slow sand filter (ISSF) in the treatment of real domestic wastewater. ISSF was operated with 16 h on and 8 h off, focusing on the parameters of turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate. Two media combinations (only blood clam shells [CC] and sand + blood clam shells [SC]) were operated under two different acclimatization periods (14 and 28 d). Results showed that SC medium exhibited significantly higher removal of turbidity (p < 0.05) as compared to CC medium (45.99 ± 26.84 % vs. 3.79 ± 9.35 %), while CC exhibited slightly higher (p > 0.05) removal of ammonia (23.12 ± 20.2 % vs. 16.77 ± 16.8 %) and phosphate (18.03 ± 11.96 % vs 13.48 ± 12 %). Comparing the acclimatization periods, the 28 d of acclimatization period showed higher overall performances than the 14 d. Further optimizations need to be conducted to obtain an effluent value below the national permissible limit, since the ammonia and phosphate parameters are still slightly higher. SEM analysis confirmed the formation of biofilm on both mediums after 28 d of acclimatization; with further analysis of schmutzdecke formation need to be carried out to enrich the results. Elsevier 2023-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10686868/ /pubmed/38046171 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22577 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Article
Fitriani, Nurina
Theresia, Ledy
O'Marga, Timothy Tjahja Nugraha
Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
Supriyanto, Agus
Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
Rietveld, Luuk C.
Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
title Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
title_full Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
title_fullStr Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
title_full_unstemmed Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
title_short Performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
title_sort performance of a modified and intermittently operated slow sand filter with two different mediums in removing turbidity, ammonia, and phosphate with varying acclimatization periods
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38046171
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22577
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