Cargando…
Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae
An endolithic lifestyle in mineralized substrates has evolved multiple times in various phyla including Bryozoa. The family Penetrantiidae includes one genus with ten extant and two fossil species. They predominantly colonize the shells of molluscs and establish colonies by chemical dissolution of c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10689564/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38046835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-023-00612-z |
_version_ | 1785152394276896768 |
---|---|
author | Decker, Sebastian H. Hirose, Masato Lemer, Sarah Kuklinski, Piotr Spencer, Hamish G. Smith, Abigail M. Schwaha, Thomas |
author_facet | Decker, Sebastian H. Hirose, Masato Lemer, Sarah Kuklinski, Piotr Spencer, Hamish G. Smith, Abigail M. Schwaha, Thomas |
author_sort | Decker, Sebastian H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | An endolithic lifestyle in mineralized substrates has evolved multiple times in various phyla including Bryozoa. The family Penetrantiidae includes one genus with ten extant and two fossil species. They predominantly colonize the shells of molluscs and establish colonies by chemical dissolution of calcium carbonate. Based on several morphological characters, they were described to be either cheilostome or ctenostome bryozoans. For more than 40 years, neither the characters of species identity and systematics nor the problem of their phylogeny was approached. Consequently, the aim of this study is to reevaluate species identities and the systematic position of the genus Penetrantia by analyzing at least six different species from eight regions with the aid of modern methods such as confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D-reconstruction techniques. This study demonstrates that the musculature associated with the operculum and brood chamber shows significant differences from the cheilostome counterparts and seems to have evolved independently. Together with the presence of other ctenostome-like features such as true polymorphic stolons and uncalcified body wall, this finding supports a ctenostome affinity. Operculum morphology reveals many new species-specific characters, which, together with information about gonozooid morphology, tentacle number, and zooid size ranges, will enhance species identification. It also revealed a probable new species in Japan as well as potential cryptic species in France and New Zealand. In addition, this study increases the known distribution range of the family and its substrate diversity. Altogether, the new information collated here provides the basis for future work on a neglected taxon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13127-023-00612-z. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10689564 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106895642023-12-02 Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae Decker, Sebastian H. Hirose, Masato Lemer, Sarah Kuklinski, Piotr Spencer, Hamish G. Smith, Abigail M. Schwaha, Thomas Org Divers Evol Original Article An endolithic lifestyle in mineralized substrates has evolved multiple times in various phyla including Bryozoa. The family Penetrantiidae includes one genus with ten extant and two fossil species. They predominantly colonize the shells of molluscs and establish colonies by chemical dissolution of calcium carbonate. Based on several morphological characters, they were described to be either cheilostome or ctenostome bryozoans. For more than 40 years, neither the characters of species identity and systematics nor the problem of their phylogeny was approached. Consequently, the aim of this study is to reevaluate species identities and the systematic position of the genus Penetrantia by analyzing at least six different species from eight regions with the aid of modern methods such as confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D-reconstruction techniques. This study demonstrates that the musculature associated with the operculum and brood chamber shows significant differences from the cheilostome counterparts and seems to have evolved independently. Together with the presence of other ctenostome-like features such as true polymorphic stolons and uncalcified body wall, this finding supports a ctenostome affinity. Operculum morphology reveals many new species-specific characters, which, together with information about gonozooid morphology, tentacle number, and zooid size ranges, will enhance species identification. It also revealed a probable new species in Japan as well as potential cryptic species in France and New Zealand. In addition, this study increases the known distribution range of the family and its substrate diversity. Altogether, the new information collated here provides the basis for future work on a neglected taxon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13127-023-00612-z. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-05-24 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10689564/ /pubmed/38046835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-023-00612-z Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Decker, Sebastian H. Hirose, Masato Lemer, Sarah Kuklinski, Piotr Spencer, Hamish G. Smith, Abigail M. Schwaha, Thomas Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae |
title | Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae |
title_full | Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae |
title_fullStr | Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae |
title_full_unstemmed | Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae |
title_short | Boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family Penetrantiidae |
title_sort | boring bryozoans: an investigation into the endolithic bryozoan family penetrantiidae |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10689564/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38046835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-023-00612-z |
work_keys_str_mv | AT deckersebastianh boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae AT hirosemasato boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae AT lemersarah boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae AT kuklinskipiotr boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae AT spencerhamishg boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae AT smithabigailm boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae AT schwahathomas boringbryozoansaninvestigationintotheendolithicbryozoanfamilypenetrantiidae |