Spermatic vein thrombosis as a rare cause of testicular pain – review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: The authors in this paper discuss a rare disease entity that can cause testicular pain and mimic varicocele. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Citing data from a review of the world literature, spermatic cord thrombosis is most often misdiagnosed as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. Patients usually complain of pain and swelling of the testicle, pain in the inguinal region, and sometimes a palpable mass in the inguinal region. RESULTS: Ultrasonography with colour Doppler usually establishes the correct diagnosis. Currently, there are no official recommendations for the treatment of this disease. There are reports of conservative treatment of spermatic cord thrombosis in the world literature. However, it seems that the gold standard of management remains surgical exploration, which allows us to unequivocally establish the correct diagnosis. In cases of co-morbid thrombosis with spermatic cord varicocelectomy is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the rarity of this disease, the topic of this article was undertaken. The paper reviews the world literature relating to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease entity. Our own algorithm for the management of spermatic cord thrombosis is proposed.