Survival Outcome of Retroperitoneal Sarcomas Treated With a Surgery-First Approach: A Single-Center Experience

Background Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare and complex tumors originating from the retroperitoneal space, an anatomical region nestled behind the abdominal cavity and shielded by the posterior abdominal wall. Late clinical presentation is a hallmark of retroperitoneal sarcomas. The symptoms are often nonspecific, and nodal metastases are rare. Computed tomography (CT) remains the investigation of choice, and a preoperative biopsy is usually not needed. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, along with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. Survival rates are in general poor, even after complete resection. In this study, we attempt to shed some light on the clinicopathological profiling of retroperitoneal sarcomas and their survival outcomes. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the demographic, clinical, and pathological profiling of patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma and to study the survival of patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma. Methodology We conducted a hospital-based retrospective observational study in a tertiary care center in South India between January 2011 and January 2021. We included all patients with histopathologically proven retroperitoneal sarcoma. Metastatic cases and those who underwent chemotherapy or radiation prior to presentation were excluded. Their demographics, pathological reports, and survival were followed up and collected, and statistical analysis was done. Results The study included 16 cases with retroperitoneal sarcomas across the decade in which the data was collected, confirming the rarity of the tumor, out of which more than 40% of patients were above the age of 60. The most common symptom was found to be a bloating sensation in nine patients, followed by abdominal pain in three patients. Seventy-five percent of the patients were found to have a T4 (i.e., a size of more than 15 cm) tumor at presentation. Well-differentiated liposarcoma was found to be the most common pathological variant accounting for 25% of the cases. The mean survival was found to be 8.05 years, which dropped to 5.74 years in Grade 3 tumors. Conclusion Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare tumors of which liposarcoma is the most common variant. A significant reduction in the mean survival was identified in Grade 3 sarcomas compared to the cumulative survival time of Grade 1 and Grade 2 retroperitoneal sarcomas.