Role of advanced glycation end products in diabetic vascular injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

BACKGROUND: In diabetic metabolic disorders, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute significantly to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). AIMS: This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AGE-mediated vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the formation and accumulation of AGEs, their interactions with cellular receptors, and the subsequent activation of signaling pathways leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and impaired angiogenesis. Moreover, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting AGEs and related pathways for CVD prevention and treatment in diabetic metabolic disorders. Finally, we address current challenges and future directions in the field, emphasizing the importance of understanding the molecular links between AGEs and vascular injury to improve patient outcomes.