Analyzing safety and effectiveness of Mavacamten in comparison with placebo for managing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systemic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary myocardial disorder, often due to sarcomere gene mutations, characterized by the left ventricular hypertrophy. Current treatments offer symptomatic relief but lack specificity. Mavacamten, an allosteric inhibitor, has shown significant improvements in HCM patients in trials, reducing the requirement for invasive treatments. This meta-analysis assesses Mavacamten’s efficacy and safety as a targeted HCM intervention. METHODS: This study examined four randomized controlled trials comparing Mavacamten to placebo in HCM patients. Each trial had a unique primary endpoint, and secondary outcomes included improvements in NYHA-FC, eligibility for septal reduction therapy (SRT) or undergoing it, adverse events (serious and treatment-related), atrial fibrillation, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Statistical analysis involved calculating risk ratios (RRs) and assessing heterogeneity. RESULTS: The four included studies showed minimal risk of bias and involved 503 patients with HCM (273 Mavacamten and 230 placebo). Mavacamten significantly increased the primary endpoint (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.20–3.86, P = 0.01) and ≥ 1 NYHA-FC class (RR 2.21, 95% CI 1.48–3.3, P = 0.0001). Mavacamten group had lower rates of SRT compared to those receiving placebo (RR, 0.30, 95% CI 0.22–0.40; P < 0.00001). No significant differences existed in rates adverse events between the Mavacamten and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that Mavacamten may have therapeutic benefits for HCM patients, as indicated by its positive impact on certain endpoints. Further research with larger samples, longer follow-up, and comprehensive analysis is needed to understand Mavacamten’s safety and efficacy in HCM patients.