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An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men worldwide, and it represents a substantial worldwide health issue, primarily impacting men as they grow older. Understanding its epidemiology and etiology is crucial for crafting efficient preventive measures and enhancing trea...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694784/ http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48252 |
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author | Al-Ghazawi, Munir Salameh, Hamza Amo-Afful, Samuel Khasawneh, Seren Ghanem, Rami |
author_facet | Al-Ghazawi, Munir Salameh, Hamza Amo-Afful, Samuel Khasawneh, Seren Ghanem, Rami |
author_sort | Al-Ghazawi, Munir |
collection | PubMed |
description | Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men worldwide, and it represents a substantial worldwide health issue, primarily impacting men as they grow older. Understanding its epidemiology and etiology is crucial for crafting efficient preventive measures and enhancing treatment results. The epidemiology of this disease provides valuable insights into its prevalence and distribution. Age is a critical factor, with the risk of prostate cancer increasing with advancing years. Incidence rates are notably higher in developed countries, suggesting a role for lifestyle and environmental factors. Furthermore, there are significant racial and geographical disparities in prostate cancer incidence, with African-American men experiencing both a higher incidence and more aggressive forms of the disease. On the other hand, hormones, especially testosterone and its conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), contribute to prostate cell growth and, potentially, cancer. Genetics also plays a pivotal role, with certain gene mutations, like Breast Cancer gene 1 & 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2), elevating risk. Dietary habits and lifestyle choices influence susceptibility, with diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in saturated fats linked to higher risk. Chronic inflammation, often tied to prostatitis, may further increase susceptibility to prostate cancer. This review article explores the complex realm of prostate cancer, providing insights into its occurrence, factors that elevate risks, and the fundamental factors that play a role in its emergence and how we can prevent it. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10694784 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106947842023-12-05 An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review Al-Ghazawi, Munir Salameh, Hamza Amo-Afful, Samuel Khasawneh, Seren Ghanem, Rami Cureus Epidemiology/Public Health Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men worldwide, and it represents a substantial worldwide health issue, primarily impacting men as they grow older. Understanding its epidemiology and etiology is crucial for crafting efficient preventive measures and enhancing treatment results. The epidemiology of this disease provides valuable insights into its prevalence and distribution. Age is a critical factor, with the risk of prostate cancer increasing with advancing years. Incidence rates are notably higher in developed countries, suggesting a role for lifestyle and environmental factors. Furthermore, there are significant racial and geographical disparities in prostate cancer incidence, with African-American men experiencing both a higher incidence and more aggressive forms of the disease. On the other hand, hormones, especially testosterone and its conversion to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), contribute to prostate cell growth and, potentially, cancer. Genetics also plays a pivotal role, with certain gene mutations, like Breast Cancer gene 1 & 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2), elevating risk. Dietary habits and lifestyle choices influence susceptibility, with diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in saturated fats linked to higher risk. Chronic inflammation, often tied to prostatitis, may further increase susceptibility to prostate cancer. This review article explores the complex realm of prostate cancer, providing insights into its occurrence, factors that elevate risks, and the fundamental factors that play a role in its emergence and how we can prevent it. Cureus 2023-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10694784/ http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48252 Text en Copyright © 2023, Al-Ghazawi et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Epidemiology/Public Health Al-Ghazawi, Munir Salameh, Hamza Amo-Afful, Samuel Khasawneh, Seren Ghanem, Rami An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review |
title | An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review |
title_full | An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review |
title_fullStr | An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review |
title_full_unstemmed | An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review |
title_short | An In-Depth Look Into the Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review |
title_sort | in-depth look into the epidemiological and etiological aspects of prostate cancer: a literature review |
topic | Epidemiology/Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694784/ http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48252 |
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