Chondrosarcoma secondary to hereditary multiple osteochondromas with spinal cord compression: A case report and systematic review

BACKGROUND: Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMOs) are a rare genetic disorder characterized by the formation of multiple benign osteochondromas that can undergo malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 24-year-old male with a history of HMO and osteochondroma surgery 4 years ago, presented with back pain and paresthesias. The magnetic resonance showed a right paravertebral infiltrating mass at the T12–L1 level causing spinal cord compression. Following en bloc resection of the tumor, the patient’s symptoms/ signs resolved. The final pathological diagnosis was consistent with a chondrosarcoma. CONCLUSION: Chondrosarcomas secondary to HMO with spinal cord compression are rare. These patients often presenting with significant myelopathy/cord compression should undergo gross total resection where feasible to achieve the best outcomes.