Understanding patient needs and predicting outcomes in IgA nephropathy using data analytics and artificial intelligence: a narrative review

This narrative review explores two case scenarios related to immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and the application of predictive monitoring, big data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) in improving treatment outcomes. The first scenario discusses how online service providers accurately understand consumer preferences and needs through the use of AI-powered big data analysis. The author, a clinical nephrologist, contemplates the potential application of similar methodologies, including AI, in his medical practice to better understand and meet patient needs. The second scenario presents a case study of a 20-year-old man with IgAN. The patient exhibited recurring symptoms, including gross haematuria and tonsillitis, over a 2-year period. Through histological examination and treatment with renin–angiotensin system blockade and corticosteroids, the patient experienced significant improvement in kidney function and reduced proteinuria over 15 years of follow-up. The case highlights the importance of individualized treatment strategies and the use of predictive tools, such as AI-based predictive models, in assessing treatment response and predicting long-term outcomes in IgAN patients. The article further discusses the collection and analysis of real-world big data, including electronic health records, for studying disease natural history, predicting treatment responses and identifying prognostic biomarkers. Challenges in integrating data from various sources and issues such as missing data and data processing limitations are also addressed. Mathematical models, including logistic regression and Cox regression analysis, are discussed for predicting clinical outcomes and analysing changes in variables over time. Additionally, the application of machine learning algorithms, including AI techniques, in analysing big data and predicting outcomes in IgAN is explored. In conclusion, the article highlights the potential benefits of leveraging AI-powered big data analysis, predictive monitoring and machine learning algorithms to enhance patient care and improve treatment outcomes in IgAN.