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Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that over 80% of respirable particulate matter (PM(10)) in cities comes from road transport and that tire and brake wear are responsible for the 3–7% emission of it. Data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris (TD), originated from the tire abrasion on r...

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Autores principales: Gualtieri, Maurizio, Andrioletti, Manuela, Mantecca, Paride, Vismara, Claudio, Camatini, Marina
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2005
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-1
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author Gualtieri, Maurizio
Andrioletti, Manuela
Mantecca, Paride
Vismara, Claudio
Camatini, Marina
author_facet Gualtieri, Maurizio
Andrioletti, Manuela
Mantecca, Paride
Vismara, Claudio
Camatini, Marina
author_sort Gualtieri, Maurizio
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: It is estimated that over 80% of respirable particulate matter (PM(10)) in cities comes from road transport and that tire and brake wear are responsible for the 3–7% emission of it. Data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris (TD), originated from the tire abrasion on roads, are extremely scarce, even though TD contains chemicals (zinc and organic compounds) which can be released in the environment. METHODS: TD particle morphology was analysed with SEM, TEM and FIB instruments. TD eluates and TD organic extracts were tested at dilution series on human cell lines and Xenopus laevis embryos. 50 and 100 g/L TD were used for the eluates obtained after 24 h at pH 3 and the quantity of zinc present was measured with a ICP-AES. Eluates diluted to 1%, 10%, 50% in culture media and undiluted were used on X. laevis embryos in the FETAX test. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 0.05 – 50 μg/ml of zinc salt while A549 cells were exposed for 24, 48 and 72 h to 10, 50, 60, or 75 μg/ml of TD extract. X. laevis embryos were exposed to 50, 80, 100, or 120 μg/ml TD extract. RESULTS: The solution of undiluted 50 g/L TD produced 80.2% mortality (p < 0.01) in X. laevis embryos and this toxic effect was three times greater than that produced by 100 g/L TD. Zn accumulation in HepG2 cells was evident after 4 h exposure. A549 cells exposed to TD organic extract for 72 h presented a modified morphology, a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in DNA damage as shown by comet assay. The dose 80 μg/ml of TD extract produced 14.6% mortality in X. laevis embryos and 15.9% mortality at 120 μg/ml. Treatment with 80, 100, or 120 μg/ml TD organic extract increased from 14.8% to 37.8% malformed larvae percentages compared to 5.6% in the control. CONCLUSION: Since the amount of Zn leached from TD is related to pH, aggregation of particles and elution process, the quantity of TD present in the environment has to be taken into account. Moreover the atmospheric conditions, which may deeply influence the particle properties, have to be considered. The TD organic fraction was toxic for cells and organisms. Thus, because of its chemical components, TD may have a potential environmental impact and has to be further investigated.
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spelling pubmed-10799422005-04-15 Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems Gualtieri, Maurizio Andrioletti, Manuela Mantecca, Paride Vismara, Claudio Camatini, Marina Part Fibre Toxicol Research BACKGROUND: It is estimated that over 80% of respirable particulate matter (PM(10)) in cities comes from road transport and that tire and brake wear are responsible for the 3–7% emission of it. Data on the indicators of environmental impact of tire debris (TD), originated from the tire abrasion on roads, are extremely scarce, even though TD contains chemicals (zinc and organic compounds) which can be released in the environment. METHODS: TD particle morphology was analysed with SEM, TEM and FIB instruments. TD eluates and TD organic extracts were tested at dilution series on human cell lines and Xenopus laevis embryos. 50 and 100 g/L TD were used for the eluates obtained after 24 h at pH 3 and the quantity of zinc present was measured with a ICP-AES. Eluates diluted to 1%, 10%, 50% in culture media and undiluted were used on X. laevis embryos in the FETAX test. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 0.05 – 50 μg/ml of zinc salt while A549 cells were exposed for 24, 48 and 72 h to 10, 50, 60, or 75 μg/ml of TD extract. X. laevis embryos were exposed to 50, 80, 100, or 120 μg/ml TD extract. RESULTS: The solution of undiluted 50 g/L TD produced 80.2% mortality (p < 0.01) in X. laevis embryos and this toxic effect was three times greater than that produced by 100 g/L TD. Zn accumulation in HepG2 cells was evident after 4 h exposure. A549 cells exposed to TD organic extract for 72 h presented a modified morphology, a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in DNA damage as shown by comet assay. The dose 80 μg/ml of TD extract produced 14.6% mortality in X. laevis embryos and 15.9% mortality at 120 μg/ml. Treatment with 80, 100, or 120 μg/ml TD organic extract increased from 14.8% to 37.8% malformed larvae percentages compared to 5.6% in the control. CONCLUSION: Since the amount of Zn leached from TD is related to pH, aggregation of particles and elution process, the quantity of TD present in the environment has to be taken into account. Moreover the atmospheric conditions, which may deeply influence the particle properties, have to be considered. The TD organic fraction was toxic for cells and organisms. Thus, because of its chemical components, TD may have a potential environmental impact and has to be further investigated. BioMed Central 2005-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC1079942/ /pubmed/15813962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-1 Text en Copyright © 2005 Gualtieri et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Gualtieri, Maurizio
Andrioletti, Manuela
Mantecca, Paride
Vismara, Claudio
Camatini, Marina
Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
title Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
title_full Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
title_fullStr Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
title_full_unstemmed Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
title_short Impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
title_sort impact of tire debris on in vitro and in vivo systems
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-1
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