A topological model of biofeedback based on catecholamine interactions

BACKGROUND: The present paper describes a topological model of biofeedback. This model incorporates input from a sensory organ and a transduction phase mediated through catecholamine production in the feedback path. The transduction phase comprises both conservative and dissipative systems, from which the appropriate output is combined in a closed loop. RESULTS: The model has been simulated in MATLAB 6.0 R12 in order to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the complex biofeedback phenomena concomitant with the transduction phases associated with migraine and with psychosomatic diseases involving digestive disorders. CONCLUSION: The complexity of the biological system influences the transduction phase and nature of the system response, which is consequent on the activation of smooth muscles by sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation.