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The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach
BACKGROUND: The paradigm of "buffering" originated in acid-base physiology, but was subsequently extended to other fields and is now used for a wide and diverse set of phenomena. In the preceding article, we have presented a formal and general approach to the quantitation of buffering acti...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2005
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15771784 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-2-9 |
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author | Schmitt, Bernhard M |
author_facet | Schmitt, Bernhard M |
author_sort | Schmitt, Bernhard M |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The paradigm of "buffering" originated in acid-base physiology, but was subsequently extended to other fields and is now used for a wide and diverse set of phenomena. In the preceding article, we have presented a formal and general approach to the quantitation of buffering action. Here, we use that buffering concept for a systematic treatment of selected classical and other buffering phenomena. RESULTS: H(+ )buffering by weak acids and "self-buffering" in pure water represent "conservative buffered systems" whose analysis reveals buffering properties that contrast in important aspects from classical textbook descriptions. The buffering of organ perfusion in the face of variable perfusion pressure (also termed "autoregulation") can be treated in terms of "non-conservative buffered systems", the general form of the concept. For the analysis of cytoplasmic Ca(++ )concentration transients (also termed "muffling"), we develop a related unit that is able to faithfully reflect the time-dependent quantitative aspect of buffering during the pre-steady state period. Steady-state buffering is shown to represent the limiting case of time-dependent muffling, namely for infinitely long time intervals and infinitely small perturbations. Finally, our buffering concept provides a stringent definition of "buffering" on the level of systems and control theory, resulting in four absolute ratio scales for control performance that are suited to measure disturbance rejection and setpoint tracking, and both their static and dynamic aspects. CONCLUSION: Our concept of buffering provides a powerful mathematical tool for the quantitation of buffering action in all its appearances. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1079954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2005 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-10799542005-04-15 The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach Schmitt, Bernhard M Theor Biol Med Model Research BACKGROUND: The paradigm of "buffering" originated in acid-base physiology, but was subsequently extended to other fields and is now used for a wide and diverse set of phenomena. In the preceding article, we have presented a formal and general approach to the quantitation of buffering action. Here, we use that buffering concept for a systematic treatment of selected classical and other buffering phenomena. RESULTS: H(+ )buffering by weak acids and "self-buffering" in pure water represent "conservative buffered systems" whose analysis reveals buffering properties that contrast in important aspects from classical textbook descriptions. The buffering of organ perfusion in the face of variable perfusion pressure (also termed "autoregulation") can be treated in terms of "non-conservative buffered systems", the general form of the concept. For the analysis of cytoplasmic Ca(++ )concentration transients (also termed "muffling"), we develop a related unit that is able to faithfully reflect the time-dependent quantitative aspect of buffering during the pre-steady state period. Steady-state buffering is shown to represent the limiting case of time-dependent muffling, namely for infinitely long time intervals and infinitely small perturbations. Finally, our buffering concept provides a stringent definition of "buffering" on the level of systems and control theory, resulting in four absolute ratio scales for control performance that are suited to measure disturbance rejection and setpoint tracking, and both their static and dynamic aspects. CONCLUSION: Our concept of buffering provides a powerful mathematical tool for the quantitation of buffering action in all its appearances. BioMed Central 2005-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC1079954/ /pubmed/15771784 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-2-9 Text en Copyright © 2005 Schmitt; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Schmitt, Bernhard M The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach |
title | The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach |
title_full | The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach |
title_fullStr | The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach |
title_full_unstemmed | The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach |
title_short | The quantitation of buffering action II. Applications of the formal & general approach |
title_sort | quantitation of buffering action ii. applications of the formal & general approach |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15771784 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-2-9 |
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