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Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard
During the 2000–2002 time period, between 36 and 56% of ozone monitors each year in the United States failed to meet the current ozone standard of 80 ppb for the fourth highest maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. We estimated the health benefits of attaining the ozone standard at these monitors using...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences
2005
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1253713/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15626651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7186 |
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author | Hubbell, Bryan J. Hallberg, Aaron McCubbin, Donald R. Post, Ellen |
author_facet | Hubbell, Bryan J. Hallberg, Aaron McCubbin, Donald R. Post, Ellen |
author_sort | Hubbell, Bryan J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | During the 2000–2002 time period, between 36 and 56% of ozone monitors each year in the United States failed to meet the current ozone standard of 80 ppb for the fourth highest maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. We estimated the health benefits of attaining the ozone standard at these monitors using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program. We used health impact functions based on published epidemiologic studies, and valuation functions derived from the economics literature. The estimated health benefits for 2000 and 2001 are similar in magnitude, whereas the results for 2002 are roughly twice that of each of the prior 2 years. The simple average of health impacts across the 3 years includes reductions of 800 premature deaths, 4,500 hospital and emergency department admissions, 900,000 school absences, and > 1 million minor restricted activity days. The simple average of benefits (including premature mortality) across the 3 years is $5.7 billion [90% confidence interval (CI), 0.6–15.0] for the quadratic rollback simulation method and $4.9 billion (90% CI, 0.5–14.0) for the proportional rollback simulation method. Results are sensitive to the form of the standard and to assumptions about background ozone levels. If the form of the standard is based on the first highest maximum 8-hr concentration, impacts are increased by a factor of 2–3. Increasing the assumed hourly background from zero to 40 ppb reduced impacts by 30 and 60% for the proportional and quadratic attainment simulation methods, respectively. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1253713 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2005 |
publisher | National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-12537132005-11-08 Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard Hubbell, Bryan J. Hallberg, Aaron McCubbin, Donald R. Post, Ellen Environ Health Perspect Research During the 2000–2002 time period, between 36 and 56% of ozone monitors each year in the United States failed to meet the current ozone standard of 80 ppb for the fourth highest maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. We estimated the health benefits of attaining the ozone standard at these monitors using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program. We used health impact functions based on published epidemiologic studies, and valuation functions derived from the economics literature. The estimated health benefits for 2000 and 2001 are similar in magnitude, whereas the results for 2002 are roughly twice that of each of the prior 2 years. The simple average of health impacts across the 3 years includes reductions of 800 premature deaths, 4,500 hospital and emergency department admissions, 900,000 school absences, and > 1 million minor restricted activity days. The simple average of benefits (including premature mortality) across the 3 years is $5.7 billion [90% confidence interval (CI), 0.6–15.0] for the quadratic rollback simulation method and $4.9 billion (90% CI, 0.5–14.0) for the proportional rollback simulation method. Results are sensitive to the form of the standard and to assumptions about background ozone levels. If the form of the standard is based on the first highest maximum 8-hr concentration, impacts are increased by a factor of 2–3. Increasing the assumed hourly background from zero to 40 ppb reduced impacts by 30 and 60% for the proportional and quadratic attainment simulation methods, respectively. National Institue of Environmental Health Sciences 2005-01 2004-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC1253713/ /pubmed/15626651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7186 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
spellingShingle | Research Hubbell, Bryan J. Hallberg, Aaron McCubbin, Donald R. Post, Ellen Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard |
title | Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard |
title_full | Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard |
title_fullStr | Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard |
title_full_unstemmed | Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard |
title_short | Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard |
title_sort | health-related benefits of attaining the 8-hr ozone standard |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1253713/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15626651 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7186 |
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