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Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens

Cancer risk assessment methods currently assume that children and adults are equally susceptible to exposure to chemicals. We reviewed available scientific literature to determine whether this was scientifically supported. We identified more than 50 chemicals causing cancer after perinatal exposure....

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Barton, Hugh A., Cogliano, V. James, Flowers, Lynn, Valcovic, Larry, Setzer, R. Woodrow, Woodruff, Tracey J.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2005
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140616
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7667
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author Barton, Hugh A.
Cogliano, V. James
Flowers, Lynn
Valcovic, Larry
Setzer, R. Woodrow
Woodruff, Tracey J.
author_facet Barton, Hugh A.
Cogliano, V. James
Flowers, Lynn
Valcovic, Larry
Setzer, R. Woodrow
Woodruff, Tracey J.
author_sort Barton, Hugh A.
collection PubMed
description Cancer risk assessment methods currently assume that children and adults are equally susceptible to exposure to chemicals. We reviewed available scientific literature to determine whether this was scientifically supported. We identified more than 50 chemicals causing cancer after perinatal exposure. Human data are extremely limited, with radiation exposures showing increased early susceptibility at some tumor sites. Twenty-seven rodent studies for 18 chemicals had sufficient data after postnatal and adult exposures to quantitatively estimate potential increased susceptibility from early-life exposure, calculated as the ratio of juvenile to adult cancer potencies for three study types: acute dosing, repeated dosing, and lifetime dosing. Twelve of the chemicals act through a mutagenic mode of action. For these, the geometric mean ratio was 11 for lifetime exposures and 8.7 for repeat exposures, with a ratio of 10 for these studies combined. The geometric mean ratio for acute studies is 1.5, which was influenced by tissue-specific results [geometric mean ratios for kidney, leukemia, liver, lymph, mammary, nerve, reticular tissue, thymic lymphoma, and uterus/vagina > 1 (range, 1.6–8.1); forestomach, harderian gland, ovaries, and thyroid < 1 (range, 0.033–0.45)]. Chemicals causing cancer through other modes of action indicate some increased susceptibility from postnatal exposure (geometric mean ratio is 3.4 for lifetime exposure, 2.2 for repeat exposure). Early exposures to compounds with endocrine activity sometimes produce different tumors after exposures at different ages. These analyses suggest increased susceptibility to cancer from early-life exposure, particularly for chemicals acting through a mutagenic mode of action.
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spelling pubmed-12803902005-11-30 Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens Barton, Hugh A. Cogliano, V. James Flowers, Lynn Valcovic, Larry Setzer, R. Woodrow Woodruff, Tracey J. Environ Health Perspect Commentaries & Reviews Cancer risk assessment methods currently assume that children and adults are equally susceptible to exposure to chemicals. We reviewed available scientific literature to determine whether this was scientifically supported. We identified more than 50 chemicals causing cancer after perinatal exposure. Human data are extremely limited, with radiation exposures showing increased early susceptibility at some tumor sites. Twenty-seven rodent studies for 18 chemicals had sufficient data after postnatal and adult exposures to quantitatively estimate potential increased susceptibility from early-life exposure, calculated as the ratio of juvenile to adult cancer potencies for three study types: acute dosing, repeated dosing, and lifetime dosing. Twelve of the chemicals act through a mutagenic mode of action. For these, the geometric mean ratio was 11 for lifetime exposures and 8.7 for repeat exposures, with a ratio of 10 for these studies combined. The geometric mean ratio for acute studies is 1.5, which was influenced by tissue-specific results [geometric mean ratios for kidney, leukemia, liver, lymph, mammary, nerve, reticular tissue, thymic lymphoma, and uterus/vagina > 1 (range, 1.6–8.1); forestomach, harderian gland, ovaries, and thyroid < 1 (range, 0.033–0.45)]. Chemicals causing cancer through other modes of action indicate some increased susceptibility from postnatal exposure (geometric mean ratio is 3.4 for lifetime exposure, 2.2 for repeat exposure). Early exposures to compounds with endocrine activity sometimes produce different tumors after exposures at different ages. These analyses suggest increased susceptibility to cancer from early-life exposure, particularly for chemicals acting through a mutagenic mode of action. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2005-09 2005-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC1280390/ /pubmed/16140616 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7667 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Commentaries & Reviews
Barton, Hugh A.
Cogliano, V. James
Flowers, Lynn
Valcovic, Larry
Setzer, R. Woodrow
Woodruff, Tracey J.
Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens
title Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens
title_full Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens
title_fullStr Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens
title_short Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens
title_sort assessing susceptibility from early-life exposure to carcinogens
topic Commentaries & Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140616
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7667
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