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The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence?
Parkinson disease (PD) is of unknown but presumably multifactorial etiology. Neuropathologic studies and animal models show that exposure to environmental neurotoxicants can determine progressive damage in the substantia nigra many years before the onset of clinical parkinsonism. Therefore, PD, like...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2005
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7573 |
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author | Logroscino, Giancarlo |
author_facet | Logroscino, Giancarlo |
author_sort | Logroscino, Giancarlo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parkinson disease (PD) is of unknown but presumably multifactorial etiology. Neuropathologic studies and animal models show that exposure to environmental neurotoxicants can determine progressive damage in the substantia nigra many years before the onset of clinical parkinsonism. Therefore, PD, like other neurologic diseases related to aging, may be determined by exposures present in the environment early during the life span or even during pregnancy. Recent epidemiologic studies have focused on the possible role of environmental risk factors present during adult life or aging. Smoking and coffee drinking have consistently been identified to have protective associations, whereas roles of other risk factors such as pesticide and infections have been reported in some studies but not replicated in others. Both genetic inheritance and sharing of common environment in the same family explain the increased risk of PD of relatives of PD cases compared with relatives of controls in familial aggregation studies. Much evidence indicates that risk factors that have a long latency or a slow effect could be important for late-onset PD. Further epidemiologic studies are warranted in this area. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1280408 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2005 |
publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-12804082005-11-30 The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? Logroscino, Giancarlo Environ Health Perspect Research Parkinson disease (PD) is of unknown but presumably multifactorial etiology. Neuropathologic studies and animal models show that exposure to environmental neurotoxicants can determine progressive damage in the substantia nigra many years before the onset of clinical parkinsonism. Therefore, PD, like other neurologic diseases related to aging, may be determined by exposures present in the environment early during the life span or even during pregnancy. Recent epidemiologic studies have focused on the possible role of environmental risk factors present during adult life or aging. Smoking and coffee drinking have consistently been identified to have protective associations, whereas roles of other risk factors such as pesticide and infections have been reported in some studies but not replicated in others. Both genetic inheritance and sharing of common environment in the same family explain the increased risk of PD of relatives of PD cases compared with relatives of controls in familial aggregation studies. Much evidence indicates that risk factors that have a long latency or a slow effect could be important for late-onset PD. Further epidemiologic studies are warranted in this area. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2005-09 2005-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC1280408/ /pubmed/16140634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7573 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
spellingShingle | Research Logroscino, Giancarlo The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? |
title | The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? |
title_full | The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? |
title_fullStr | The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? |
title_short | The Role of Early Life Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease: What Is the Evidence? |
title_sort | role of early life environmental risk factors in parkinson disease: what is the evidence? |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7573 |
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