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Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs
Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2005
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1310926/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16263519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8043 |
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author | Ward, Mary H. deKok, Theo M. Levallois, Patrick Brender, Jean Gulis, Gabriel Nolan, Bernard T. VanDerslice, James |
author_facet | Ward, Mary H. deKok, Theo M. Levallois, Patrick Brender, Jean Gulis, Gabriel Nolan, Bernard T. VanDerslice, James |
author_sort | Ward, Mary H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condition. Some scientists have recently suggested that the regulatory limit for nitrate is overly conservative; however, they have not thoroughly considered chronic health outcomes. In August 2004, a symposium on drinking-water nitrate and health was held at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology meeting to evaluate nitrate exposures and associated health effects in relation to the current regulatory limit. The contribution of drinking-water nitrate toward endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds was evaluated with a focus toward identifying subpopulations with increased rates of nitrosation. Adverse health effects may be the result of a complex interaction of the amount of nitrate ingested, the concomitant ingestion of nitrosation cofactors and precursors, and specific medical conditions that increase nitrosation. Workshop participants concluded that more experimental studies are needed and that a particularly fruitful approach may be to conduct epidemiologic studies among susceptible subgroups with increased endogenous nitrosation. The few epidemiologic studies that have evaluated intake of nitrosation precursors and/or nitrosation inhibitors have observed elevated risks for colon cancer and neural tube defects associated with drinking-water nitrate concentrations below the regulatory limit. The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1310926 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2005 |
publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-13109262005-12-12 Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs Ward, Mary H. deKok, Theo M. Levallois, Patrick Brender, Jean Gulis, Gabriel Nolan, Bernard T. VanDerslice, James Environ Health Perspect Research Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condition. Some scientists have recently suggested that the regulatory limit for nitrate is overly conservative; however, they have not thoroughly considered chronic health outcomes. In August 2004, a symposium on drinking-water nitrate and health was held at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology meeting to evaluate nitrate exposures and associated health effects in relation to the current regulatory limit. The contribution of drinking-water nitrate toward endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds was evaluated with a focus toward identifying subpopulations with increased rates of nitrosation. Adverse health effects may be the result of a complex interaction of the amount of nitrate ingested, the concomitant ingestion of nitrosation cofactors and precursors, and specific medical conditions that increase nitrosation. Workshop participants concluded that more experimental studies are needed and that a particularly fruitful approach may be to conduct epidemiologic studies among susceptible subgroups with increased endogenous nitrosation. The few epidemiologic studies that have evaluated intake of nitrosation precursors and/or nitrosation inhibitors have observed elevated risks for colon cancer and neural tube defects associated with drinking-water nitrate concentrations below the regulatory limit. The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2005-11 2005-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC1310926/ /pubmed/16263519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8043 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
spellingShingle | Research Ward, Mary H. deKok, Theo M. Levallois, Patrick Brender, Jean Gulis, Gabriel Nolan, Bernard T. VanDerslice, James Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs |
title | Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs |
title_full | Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs |
title_fullStr | Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs |
title_full_unstemmed | Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs |
title_short | Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs |
title_sort | workgroup report: drinking-water nitrate and health—recent findings and research needs |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1310926/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16263519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8043 |
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