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Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius

Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius), and the Asian(Elephas maximus) and African savanna(Loxodonta africana) elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs) of a woolly mammoth extracte...

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Autores principales: Rogaev, Evgeny I, Moliaka, Yuri K, Malyarchuk, Boris A, Kondrashov, Fyodor A, Derenko, Miroslava V, Chumakov, Ilya, Grigorenko, Anastasia P
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16448217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073
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author Rogaev, Evgeny I
Moliaka, Yuri K
Malyarchuk, Boris A
Kondrashov, Fyodor A
Derenko, Miroslava V
Chumakov, Ilya
Grigorenko, Anastasia P
author_facet Rogaev, Evgeny I
Moliaka, Yuri K
Malyarchuk, Boris A
Kondrashov, Fyodor A
Derenko, Miroslava V
Chumakov, Ilya
Grigorenko, Anastasia P
author_sort Rogaev, Evgeny I
collection PubMed
description Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius), and the Asian(Elephas maximus) and African savanna(Loxodonta africana) elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs) of a woolly mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved remains from the Pleistocene epoch—the oldest mitochondrial genome sequence determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved mitochondrial genome fragments, as long as ~1,600–1700 base pairs, can be retrieved from pre-Holocene remains of an extinct species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Elephantinae clade suggests thatM. primigenius andE. maximus are sister species that diverged soon after their common ancestor split from theL. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity found between independently determined mitochondrial genomic sequences of woolly mammoths separated geographically and in time suggests that north-eastern Siberia was occupied by a relatively homogeneous population ofM. primigenius throughout the late Pleistocene.
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spelling pubmed-13601012006-02-07 Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius Rogaev, Evgeny I Moliaka, Yuri K Malyarchuk, Boris A Kondrashov, Fyodor A Derenko, Miroslava V Chumakov, Ilya Grigorenko, Anastasia P PLoS Biol Research Article Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius), and the Asian(Elephas maximus) and African savanna(Loxodonta africana) elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs) of a woolly mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved remains from the Pleistocene epoch—the oldest mitochondrial genome sequence determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved mitochondrial genome fragments, as long as ~1,600–1700 base pairs, can be retrieved from pre-Holocene remains of an extinct species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Elephantinae clade suggests thatM. primigenius andE. maximus are sister species that diverged soon after their common ancestor split from theL. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity found between independently determined mitochondrial genomic sequences of woolly mammoths separated geographically and in time suggests that north-eastern Siberia was occupied by a relatively homogeneous population ofM. primigenius throughout the late Pleistocene. Public Library of Science 2006-03 2006-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC1360101/ /pubmed/16448217 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073 Text en Copyright: © 2006 Rogaev et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rogaev, Evgeny I
Moliaka, Yuri K
Malyarchuk, Boris A
Kondrashov, Fyodor A
Derenko, Miroslava V
Chumakov, Ilya
Grigorenko, Anastasia P
Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius
title Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius
title_full Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius
title_fullStr Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius
title_full_unstemmed Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius
title_short Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Pleistocene MammothMammuthus primigenius
title_sort complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of pleistocene mammothmammuthus primigenius
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360101/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16448217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040073
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