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An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development

BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of immunosurveillance suggests that new neoplasms arise very frequently, but most are destroyed almost at their inception by an immune response. Its correctness has been debated for many years. In its support, it has been shown that the incidences of many tumor types, thou...

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Autor principal: Prehn, Richmond T
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1373614/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16457723
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-3-6
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author Prehn, Richmond T
author_facet Prehn, Richmond T
author_sort Prehn, Richmond T
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of immunosurveillance suggests that new neoplasms arise very frequently, but most are destroyed almost at their inception by an immune response. Its correctness has been debated for many years. In its support, it has been shown that the incidences of many tumor types, though apparently not all, tend to be increased in immunodeficient animals or humans, but this observation does not end the debate. ALTERNATIVE MODEL: There is an alternative to the surveillance hypothesis; numerous studies have shown that the effect of an immune reaction on a tumor is biphasic. For each tumor, there is some quantitatively low level of immune reaction that, relative to no reaction, is facilitating, perhaps even necessary for the tumor's growth in vivo. The optimum level of this facilitating reaction may often be less than the level of immunity that the tumor might engender in a normal subject. CONCLUSION: The failure of a tumor to grow as well in the normal as it does in the immunosuppressed host is probably not caused by a lack of tumor-cell killing in the suppressed host. Instead, the higher level of immune response in a normal animal, even if it does not rise to tumor-inhibitory levels, probably gives less positive support to tumor growth. This seems more than a semantic distinction.
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spelling pubmed-13736142006-02-18 An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development Prehn, Richmond T Theor Biol Med Model Commentary BACKGROUND: The hypothesis of immunosurveillance suggests that new neoplasms arise very frequently, but most are destroyed almost at their inception by an immune response. Its correctness has been debated for many years. In its support, it has been shown that the incidences of many tumor types, though apparently not all, tend to be increased in immunodeficient animals or humans, but this observation does not end the debate. ALTERNATIVE MODEL: There is an alternative to the surveillance hypothesis; numerous studies have shown that the effect of an immune reaction on a tumor is biphasic. For each tumor, there is some quantitatively low level of immune reaction that, relative to no reaction, is facilitating, perhaps even necessary for the tumor's growth in vivo. The optimum level of this facilitating reaction may often be less than the level of immunity that the tumor might engender in a normal subject. CONCLUSION: The failure of a tumor to grow as well in the normal as it does in the immunosuppressed host is probably not caused by a lack of tumor-cell killing in the suppressed host. Instead, the higher level of immune response in a normal animal, even if it does not rise to tumor-inhibitory levels, probably gives less positive support to tumor growth. This seems more than a semantic distinction. BioMed Central 2006-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC1373614/ /pubmed/16457723 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-3-6 Text en Copyright © 2006 Prehn; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Commentary
Prehn, Richmond T
An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
title An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
title_full An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
title_fullStr An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
title_full_unstemmed An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
title_short An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
title_sort immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development
topic Commentary
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1373614/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16457723
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-4682-3-6
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