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Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation

Numerous animal models have been used to study diet effects on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. However, most of those models differ from humans in the plasma distribution of cholesterol and in the processing of lipoproteins in the plasma compartment. Although transgenic or knock-out mice hav...

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Autores principales: Fernandez, Maria Luz, Volek, Jeff S
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1435897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16566831
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-3-17
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author Fernandez, Maria Luz
Volek, Jeff S
author_facet Fernandez, Maria Luz
Volek, Jeff S
author_sort Fernandez, Maria Luz
collection PubMed
description Numerous animal models have been used to study diet effects on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. However, most of those models differ from humans in the plasma distribution of cholesterol and in the processing of lipoproteins in the plasma compartment. Although transgenic or knock-out mice have been used to study a specific pathway involved in cholesterol metabolism, these data are of limited use because other metabolic pathways and responses to interventions may differ from the human condition. Carbohydrate restricted diets have been shown to reduce plasma triglycerides, increase HDL cholesterol and promote the formation of larger, less atherogenic LDL. However, the mechanisms behind these responses and the relation to atherosclerotic events in the aorta have not been explored in detail due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. Guinea pigs carry the majority of the cholesterol in LDL and possess cholesterol ester transfer protein and lipoprotein lipase activities, which results in reverse cholesterol transport and delipidation cascades equivalent to the human situation. Further, carbohydrate restriction has been shown to alter the distribution of LDL subfractions, to decrease cholesterol accumulation in aortas and to decrease aortic cytokine expression. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the use of guinea pigs as useful models to evaluate diet effects on lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation with an emphasis on carbohydrate restricted diets.
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spelling pubmed-14358972006-04-14 Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation Fernandez, Maria Luz Volek, Jeff S Nutr Metab (Lond) Review Numerous animal models have been used to study diet effects on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism. However, most of those models differ from humans in the plasma distribution of cholesterol and in the processing of lipoproteins in the plasma compartment. Although transgenic or knock-out mice have been used to study a specific pathway involved in cholesterol metabolism, these data are of limited use because other metabolic pathways and responses to interventions may differ from the human condition. Carbohydrate restricted diets have been shown to reduce plasma triglycerides, increase HDL cholesterol and promote the formation of larger, less atherogenic LDL. However, the mechanisms behind these responses and the relation to atherosclerotic events in the aorta have not been explored in detail due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. Guinea pigs carry the majority of the cholesterol in LDL and possess cholesterol ester transfer protein and lipoprotein lipase activities, which results in reverse cholesterol transport and delipidation cascades equivalent to the human situation. Further, carbohydrate restriction has been shown to alter the distribution of LDL subfractions, to decrease cholesterol accumulation in aortas and to decrease aortic cytokine expression. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the use of guinea pigs as useful models to evaluate diet effects on lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation with an emphasis on carbohydrate restricted diets. BioMed Central 2006-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC1435897/ /pubmed/16566831 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-3-17 Text en Copyright © 2006 Fernandez and Volek; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Fernandez, Maria Luz
Volek, Jeff S
Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
title Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
title_full Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
title_fullStr Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
title_full_unstemmed Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
title_short Guinea pigs: A suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
title_sort guinea pigs: a suitable animal model to study lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and inflammation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1435897/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16566831
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-3-17
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