Cargando…

The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci

The innate and adaptive immune systems of vertebrates possess complementary, but intertwined functions within immune responses. Receptors of the mammalian innate immune system play an essential role in the detection of infected or transformed cells and are vital for the initiation and regulation of...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Laun, Katja, Coggill, Penny, Palmer, Sophie, Sims, Sarah, Ning, Zemin, Ragoussis, Jiannis, Volpi, Emanuela, Wilson, Natalie, Beck, Stephan, Ziegler, Andreas, Volz, Armin
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1458963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020073
_version_ 1782127449372360704
author Laun, Katja
Coggill, Penny
Palmer, Sophie
Sims, Sarah
Ning, Zemin
Ragoussis, Jiannis
Volpi, Emanuela
Wilson, Natalie
Beck, Stephan
Ziegler, Andreas
Volz, Armin
author_facet Laun, Katja
Coggill, Penny
Palmer, Sophie
Sims, Sarah
Ning, Zemin
Ragoussis, Jiannis
Volpi, Emanuela
Wilson, Natalie
Beck, Stephan
Ziegler, Andreas
Volz, Armin
author_sort Laun, Katja
collection PubMed
description The innate and adaptive immune systems of vertebrates possess complementary, but intertwined functions within immune responses. Receptors of the mammalian innate immune system play an essential role in the detection of infected or transformed cells and are vital for the initiation and regulation of a full adaptive immune response. The genes for several of these receptors are clustered within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The purpose of this study was to carry out a detailed analysis of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) LRC. Bacterial artificial chromosomes containing genes related to mammalian leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors were identified in a chicken genomic library and shown to map to a single microchromosome. Sequencing revealed 103 chicken immunoglobulin-like receptor (CHIR) loci (22 inhibitory, 25 activating, 15 bifunctional, and 41 pseudogenes). A very complex splicing pattern was found using transcript analyses and seven hypervariable regions were detected in the external CHIR domains. Phylogenetic and genomic analysis showed that CHIR genes evolved mainly by block duplications from an ancestral inhibitory receptor locus, with transformation into activating receptors occurring more than once. Evolutionary selection pressure has led not only to an exceptional expansion of the CHIR cluster but also to a dramatic diversification of CHIR loci and haplotypes. This indicates that CHIRs have the potential to complement the adaptive immune system in fighting pathogens.
format Text
id pubmed-1458963
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2006
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-14589632006-05-26 The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci Laun, Katja Coggill, Penny Palmer, Sophie Sims, Sarah Ning, Zemin Ragoussis, Jiannis Volpi, Emanuela Wilson, Natalie Beck, Stephan Ziegler, Andreas Volz, Armin PLoS Genet Research Article The innate and adaptive immune systems of vertebrates possess complementary, but intertwined functions within immune responses. Receptors of the mammalian innate immune system play an essential role in the detection of infected or transformed cells and are vital for the initiation and regulation of a full adaptive immune response. The genes for several of these receptors are clustered within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The purpose of this study was to carry out a detailed analysis of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) LRC. Bacterial artificial chromosomes containing genes related to mammalian leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors were identified in a chicken genomic library and shown to map to a single microchromosome. Sequencing revealed 103 chicken immunoglobulin-like receptor (CHIR) loci (22 inhibitory, 25 activating, 15 bifunctional, and 41 pseudogenes). A very complex splicing pattern was found using transcript analyses and seven hypervariable regions were detected in the external CHIR domains. Phylogenetic and genomic analysis showed that CHIR genes evolved mainly by block duplications from an ancestral inhibitory receptor locus, with transformation into activating receptors occurring more than once. Evolutionary selection pressure has led not only to an exceptional expansion of the CHIR cluster but also to a dramatic diversification of CHIR loci and haplotypes. This indicates that CHIRs have the potential to complement the adaptive immune system in fighting pathogens. Public Library of Science 2006-05 2006-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC1458963/ /pubmed/16699593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020073 Text en © 2006 Laun et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Laun, Katja
Coggill, Penny
Palmer, Sophie
Sims, Sarah
Ning, Zemin
Ragoussis, Jiannis
Volpi, Emanuela
Wilson, Natalie
Beck, Stephan
Ziegler, Andreas
Volz, Armin
The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci
title The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci
title_full The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci
title_fullStr The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci
title_full_unstemmed The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci
title_short The Leukocyte Receptor Complex in Chicken Is Characterized by Massive Expansion and Diversification of Immunoglobulin-Like Loci
title_sort leukocyte receptor complex in chicken is characterized by massive expansion and diversification of immunoglobulin-like loci
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1458963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020073
work_keys_str_mv AT launkatja theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT coggillpenny theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT palmersophie theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT simssarah theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT ningzemin theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT ragoussisjiannis theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT volpiemanuela theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT wilsonnatalie theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT beckstephan theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT zieglerandreas theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT volzarmin theleukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT launkatja leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT coggillpenny leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT palmersophie leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT simssarah leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT ningzemin leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT ragoussisjiannis leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT volpiemanuela leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT wilsonnatalie leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT beckstephan leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT zieglerandreas leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci
AT volzarmin leukocytereceptorcomplexinchickenischaracterizedbymassiveexpansionanddiversificationofimmunoglobulinlikeloci