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Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning
Multiple processes may contribute to motor skill acquisition, but it is thought that many of these processes require sleep or the passage of long periods of time ranging from several hours to many days or weeks. Here we demonstrate that within a timescale of minutes, two distinct fast-acting process...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2006
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1463025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16700627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040179 |
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author | Smith, Maurice A Ghazizadeh, Ali Shadmehr, Reza |
author_facet | Smith, Maurice A Ghazizadeh, Ali Shadmehr, Reza |
author_sort | Smith, Maurice A |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple processes may contribute to motor skill acquisition, but it is thought that many of these processes require sleep or the passage of long periods of time ranging from several hours to many days or weeks. Here we demonstrate that within a timescale of minutes, two distinct fast-acting processes drive motor adaptation. One process responds weakly to error but retains information well, whereas the other responds strongly but has poor retention. This two-state learning system makes the surprising prediction of spontaneous recovery (or adaptation rebound) if error feedback is clamped at zero following an adaptation-extinction training episode. We used a novel paradigm to experimentally confirm this prediction in human motor learning of reaching, and we show that the interaction between the learning processes in this simple two-state system provides a unifying explanation for several different, apparently unrelated, phenomena in motor adaptation including savings, anterograde interference, spontaneous recovery, and rapid unlearning. Our results suggest that motor adaptation depends on at least two distinct neural systems that have different sensitivity to error and retain information at different rates. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1463025 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2006 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-14630252006-06-13 Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning Smith, Maurice A Ghazizadeh, Ali Shadmehr, Reza PLoS Biol Research Article Multiple processes may contribute to motor skill acquisition, but it is thought that many of these processes require sleep or the passage of long periods of time ranging from several hours to many days or weeks. Here we demonstrate that within a timescale of minutes, two distinct fast-acting processes drive motor adaptation. One process responds weakly to error but retains information well, whereas the other responds strongly but has poor retention. This two-state learning system makes the surprising prediction of spontaneous recovery (or adaptation rebound) if error feedback is clamped at zero following an adaptation-extinction training episode. We used a novel paradigm to experimentally confirm this prediction in human motor learning of reaching, and we show that the interaction between the learning processes in this simple two-state system provides a unifying explanation for several different, apparently unrelated, phenomena in motor adaptation including savings, anterograde interference, spontaneous recovery, and rapid unlearning. Our results suggest that motor adaptation depends on at least two distinct neural systems that have different sensitivity to error and retain information at different rates. Public Library of Science 2006-06 2006-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC1463025/ /pubmed/16700627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040179 Text en Copyright: © 2006 Smith et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Smith, Maurice A Ghazizadeh, Ali Shadmehr, Reza Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning |
title | Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning |
title_full | Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning |
title_fullStr | Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning |
title_full_unstemmed | Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning |
title_short | Interacting Adaptive Processes with Different Timescales Underlie Short-Term Motor Learning |
title_sort | interacting adaptive processes with different timescales underlie short-term motor learning |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1463025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16700627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040179 |
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