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Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature

The transition to flowering is an important event in the plant life cycle and is modulated by several environmental factors including photoperiod, light quality, vernalization, and growth temperature, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to light and vernalization, little is known abo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar, Sureshkumar, Sridevi, Lempe, Janne, Weigel, Detlef
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16839183
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020106
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author Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar
Sureshkumar, Sridevi
Lempe, Janne
Weigel, Detlef
author_facet Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar
Sureshkumar, Sridevi
Lempe, Janne
Weigel, Detlef
author_sort Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar
collection PubMed
description The transition to flowering is an important event in the plant life cycle and is modulated by several environmental factors including photoperiod, light quality, vernalization, and growth temperature, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to light and vernalization, little is known about the pathways that mediate the responses to other environmental variables. A mild increase in growth temperature, from 23 °C to 27 °C, is equally efficient in inducing flowering of Arabidopsis plants grown in 8-h short days as is transfer to 16-h long days. There is extensive natural variation in this response, and we identify strains with contrasting thermal reaction norms. Exploiting this natural variation, we show that FLOWERING LOCUS C potently suppresses thermal induction, and that the closely related floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS M is a major-effect quantitative trait locus modulating thermosensitivity. Thermal induction does not require the photoperiod effector CONSTANS, acts upstream of the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T, and depends on the hormone gibberellin. Analysis of mutants defective in salicylic acid biosynthesis suggests that thermal induction is independent of previously identified stress-signaling pathways. Microarray analyses confirm that the genomic responses to floral induction by photoperiod and temperature differ. Furthermore, we report that gene products that participate in RNA splicing are specifically affected by thermal induction. Above a critical threshold, even small changes in temperature can act as cues for the induction of flowering. This response has a genetic basis that is distinct from the known genetic pathways of floral transition, and appears to correlate with changes in RNA processing.
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spelling pubmed-14871792006-07-07 Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar Sureshkumar, Sridevi Lempe, Janne Weigel, Detlef PLoS Genet Research Article The transition to flowering is an important event in the plant life cycle and is modulated by several environmental factors including photoperiod, light quality, vernalization, and growth temperature, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to light and vernalization, little is known about the pathways that mediate the responses to other environmental variables. A mild increase in growth temperature, from 23 °C to 27 °C, is equally efficient in inducing flowering of Arabidopsis plants grown in 8-h short days as is transfer to 16-h long days. There is extensive natural variation in this response, and we identify strains with contrasting thermal reaction norms. Exploiting this natural variation, we show that FLOWERING LOCUS C potently suppresses thermal induction, and that the closely related floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS M is a major-effect quantitative trait locus modulating thermosensitivity. Thermal induction does not require the photoperiod effector CONSTANS, acts upstream of the floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T, and depends on the hormone gibberellin. Analysis of mutants defective in salicylic acid biosynthesis suggests that thermal induction is independent of previously identified stress-signaling pathways. Microarray analyses confirm that the genomic responses to floral induction by photoperiod and temperature differ. Furthermore, we report that gene products that participate in RNA splicing are specifically affected by thermal induction. Above a critical threshold, even small changes in temperature can act as cues for the induction of flowering. This response has a genetic basis that is distinct from the known genetic pathways of floral transition, and appears to correlate with changes in RNA processing. Public Library of Science 2006-07 2006-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC1487179/ /pubmed/16839183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020106 Text en © 2006 Balasubramanian et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar
Sureshkumar, Sridevi
Lempe, Janne
Weigel, Detlef
Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature
title Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature
title_full Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature
title_fullStr Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature
title_full_unstemmed Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature
title_short Potent Induction of Arabidopsis thaliana Flowering by Elevated Growth Temperature
title_sort potent induction of arabidopsis thaliana flowering by elevated growth temperature
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16839183
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020106
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