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Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen.
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Sources include emissions from vehicles (mainly diesel vehicles), heating, smoking, certain types of food processing, and incomplete combustion in general. Nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens, and a num...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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1993
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1521131/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8143637 |
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author | Möller, L Lax, I Eriksson, L C |
author_facet | Möller, L Lax, I Eriksson, L C |
author_sort | Möller, L |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Sources include emissions from vehicles (mainly diesel vehicles), heating, smoking, certain types of food processing, and incomplete combustion in general. Nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens, and a number of them have been shown to be carcinogens. 2-Nitrofluorene (NF) represents a model substance for the nitro-PAHs. An attempt has been made to calculate the human cancer risk due to exposure to nitro-PAHs by two different models. In the first model, genotoxic lesions were transferred to units of Gray (gamma-irradiation), and in the second model a mega study (24,000 animals) on the carcinogenicity of one metabolite of NF was used to elucidate the risk. Gamma-irradiation of the rat liver gave rise to preneoplastic foci in a dose-dependent manner, which was statistically significant. The Gray-equivalents of chemically (NF) induced foci were calculated, and from the human nitro-PAH exposure, expressed in Sievert, a human risk estimate was calculated. In the second model, an extrapolation from laboratory animals to man was performed because tumor data on 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a major metabolite of NF, were available in the literature. The tumor dose-response data on AAF was linear for tested lifetime doses. The results of both models agreed, with a risk range of 0.15-49 x 10(-6) on human cancer risk for an urban citizen. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1521131 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 1993 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-15211312006-07-26 Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. Möller, L Lax, I Eriksson, L C Environ Health Perspect Research Article Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Sources include emissions from vehicles (mainly diesel vehicles), heating, smoking, certain types of food processing, and incomplete combustion in general. Nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens, and a number of them have been shown to be carcinogens. 2-Nitrofluorene (NF) represents a model substance for the nitro-PAHs. An attempt has been made to calculate the human cancer risk due to exposure to nitro-PAHs by two different models. In the first model, genotoxic lesions were transferred to units of Gray (gamma-irradiation), and in the second model a mega study (24,000 animals) on the carcinogenicity of one metabolite of NF was used to elucidate the risk. Gamma-irradiation of the rat liver gave rise to preneoplastic foci in a dose-dependent manner, which was statistically significant. The Gray-equivalents of chemically (NF) induced foci were calculated, and from the human nitro-PAH exposure, expressed in Sievert, a human risk estimate was calculated. In the second model, an extrapolation from laboratory animals to man was performed because tumor data on 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a major metabolite of NF, were available in the literature. The tumor dose-response data on AAF was linear for tested lifetime doses. The results of both models agreed, with a risk range of 0.15-49 x 10(-6) on human cancer risk for an urban citizen. 1993-10 /pmc/articles/PMC1521131/ /pubmed/8143637 Text en |
spellingShingle | Research Article Möller, L Lax, I Eriksson, L C Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
title | Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
title_full | Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
title_fullStr | Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
title_short | Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
title_sort | nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen. |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1521131/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8143637 |
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