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Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study

BACKGROUND: According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections in early life protect from allergic diseases. However, in earlier studies surrogate measures of infection rather than clinical infections were associated with decreased frequencies of atopic diseases. Exposure to infection indicating sub-cl...

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Autores principales: Zutavern, Anne, von Klot, Stephanie, Gehring, Ulrike, Krauss-Etschmann, Susanne, Heinrich, Joachim
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1534025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16719901
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-7-81
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author Zutavern, Anne
von Klot, Stephanie
Gehring, Ulrike
Krauss-Etschmann, Susanne
Heinrich, Joachim
author_facet Zutavern, Anne
von Klot, Stephanie
Gehring, Ulrike
Krauss-Etschmann, Susanne
Heinrich, Joachim
author_sort Zutavern, Anne
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections in early life protect from allergic diseases. However, in earlier studies surrogate measures of infection rather than clinical infections were associated with decreased frequencies of atopic diseases. Exposure to infection indicating sub-clinical infection rather than clinical infection might protect from atopic diseases. Objective: to investigate whether exposure to acute respiratory infections within pregnancy and the first year of life is associated with atopic conditions at age 5–14 years and to explore when within pregnancy and the first year of life this exposure is most likely to be protective. METHODS: Historical cohort study: Population level data on acute respiratory infections from the routine reporting system of the former German Democratic Republic were linked with individual data from consecutive surveys on atopic diseases in the same region (n = 4672). Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression analysis and polynomial distributed lag models. RESULTS: High exposure to acute respiratory infection between pregnancy and age one year was associated with overall reduced odds of asthma, eczema, hay fever, atopic sensitization and total IgE. Exposure in the first 9 months of life showed the most pronounced effect. Adjusted odds ratio's for asthma, hay fever, inhalant sensitization and total IgE were statistical significantly reduced up to around half. CONCLUSION: Exposure to respiratory infection (most likely indicating sub-clinical infection) within pregnancy and the first year of life may be protective in atopic diseases development. The post-natal period thereby seems to be particularly important.
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spelling pubmed-15340252006-08-09 Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study Zutavern, Anne von Klot, Stephanie Gehring, Ulrike Krauss-Etschmann, Susanne Heinrich, Joachim Respir Res Research BACKGROUND: According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections in early life protect from allergic diseases. However, in earlier studies surrogate measures of infection rather than clinical infections were associated with decreased frequencies of atopic diseases. Exposure to infection indicating sub-clinical infection rather than clinical infection might protect from atopic diseases. Objective: to investigate whether exposure to acute respiratory infections within pregnancy and the first year of life is associated with atopic conditions at age 5–14 years and to explore when within pregnancy and the first year of life this exposure is most likely to be protective. METHODS: Historical cohort study: Population level data on acute respiratory infections from the routine reporting system of the former German Democratic Republic were linked with individual data from consecutive surveys on atopic diseases in the same region (n = 4672). Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression analysis and polynomial distributed lag models. RESULTS: High exposure to acute respiratory infection between pregnancy and age one year was associated with overall reduced odds of asthma, eczema, hay fever, atopic sensitization and total IgE. Exposure in the first 9 months of life showed the most pronounced effect. Adjusted odds ratio's for asthma, hay fever, inhalant sensitization and total IgE were statistical significantly reduced up to around half. CONCLUSION: Exposure to respiratory infection (most likely indicating sub-clinical infection) within pregnancy and the first year of life may be protective in atopic diseases development. The post-natal period thereby seems to be particularly important. BioMed Central 2006 2006-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC1534025/ /pubmed/16719901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-7-81 Text en Copyright © 2006 Zutavern et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Zutavern, Anne
von Klot, Stephanie
Gehring, Ulrike
Krauss-Etschmann, Susanne
Heinrich, Joachim
Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
title Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
title_full Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
title_fullStr Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
title_short Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
title_sort pre-natal and post-natal exposure to respiratory infection and atopic diseases development: a historical cohort study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1534025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16719901
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-7-81
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