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Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness
BACKGROUND: Interoceptive exposure has been validated as an effective component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of panic disorder but has hitherto received little research attention. We examined the effectiveness of various interoceptive exposure exercises using the Body Sens...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2006
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559685/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911803 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-6-32 |
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author | Lee, Kiyoe Noda, Yumiko Nakano, Yumi Ogawa, Sei Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Funayama, Tadashi Furukawa, Toshiaki A |
author_facet | Lee, Kiyoe Noda, Yumiko Nakano, Yumi Ogawa, Sei Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Funayama, Tadashi Furukawa, Toshiaki A |
author_sort | Lee, Kiyoe |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Interoceptive exposure has been validated as an effective component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of panic disorder but has hitherto received little research attention. We examined the effectiveness of various interoceptive exposure exercises using the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) (Chambless et al., 1984). METHODS: We first performed an exploratory principal factor analysis of all the items contained in the BSQ to obtain meaningful dimensions of interoceptive fears. Next, we examined the correlations between each interoceptive exposure task's degree of similarity to panic attacks and each BSQ factor and then examined whether the BSQ factor scores decreased in comparison with the baseline values when the corresponding exposure tasks were successfully completed by the subjects. RESULTS: The factor analyses revealed four factors, which we named "pseudoneurological fears", "gastrointestinal fears", "cardiorespiratory fears" and "fears of dissociative feelings." Among the nine interoceptive exposure tasks, 'hyperventilation', 'shaking head', 'holding breath' and 'chest breathing' were considered to reproduce pseudoneurological symptoms, 'breathing through a straw' was considered to reproduce gastrointestinal symptoms, and 'spinning' was considered to reproduce both pseudoneurological and dissociative symptoms; none of the interoceptive exercises were found to reproduce cardiorespiratory symptoms. Among each group of patients for whom 'hyperventilation', 'holding breath', 'spinning' or 'chest breathing' was effective, a significant improvement in the BSQ pseudoneurological fears factor scores was observed. On the other hand, no significant difference between the baseline and endpoint values of the BSQ gastrointestinal fears or the BSQ fears of dissociative feelings factor scores were observed among the patients for whom 'spinning' or 'breathing through a straw' was effective. CONCLUSION: Several interoceptive exposure tasks were particularly effective in reducing pseudoneurological fears. New interoceptive tasks, especially tasks related to cardiorespiratory and dissociative feelings, are needed. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1559685 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2006 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-15596852006-09-05 Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness Lee, Kiyoe Noda, Yumiko Nakano, Yumi Ogawa, Sei Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Funayama, Tadashi Furukawa, Toshiaki A BMC Psychiatry Research Article BACKGROUND: Interoceptive exposure has been validated as an effective component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of panic disorder but has hitherto received little research attention. We examined the effectiveness of various interoceptive exposure exercises using the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) (Chambless et al., 1984). METHODS: We first performed an exploratory principal factor analysis of all the items contained in the BSQ to obtain meaningful dimensions of interoceptive fears. Next, we examined the correlations between each interoceptive exposure task's degree of similarity to panic attacks and each BSQ factor and then examined whether the BSQ factor scores decreased in comparison with the baseline values when the corresponding exposure tasks were successfully completed by the subjects. RESULTS: The factor analyses revealed four factors, which we named "pseudoneurological fears", "gastrointestinal fears", "cardiorespiratory fears" and "fears of dissociative feelings." Among the nine interoceptive exposure tasks, 'hyperventilation', 'shaking head', 'holding breath' and 'chest breathing' were considered to reproduce pseudoneurological symptoms, 'breathing through a straw' was considered to reproduce gastrointestinal symptoms, and 'spinning' was considered to reproduce both pseudoneurological and dissociative symptoms; none of the interoceptive exercises were found to reproduce cardiorespiratory symptoms. Among each group of patients for whom 'hyperventilation', 'holding breath', 'spinning' or 'chest breathing' was effective, a significant improvement in the BSQ pseudoneurological fears factor scores was observed. On the other hand, no significant difference between the baseline and endpoint values of the BSQ gastrointestinal fears or the BSQ fears of dissociative feelings factor scores were observed among the patients for whom 'spinning' or 'breathing through a straw' was effective. CONCLUSION: Several interoceptive exposure tasks were particularly effective in reducing pseudoneurological fears. New interoceptive tasks, especially tasks related to cardiorespiratory and dissociative feelings, are needed. BioMed Central 2006-08-16 /pmc/articles/PMC1559685/ /pubmed/16911803 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-6-32 Text en Copyright © 2006 Lee et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Lee, Kiyoe Noda, Yumiko Nakano, Yumi Ogawa, Sei Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Funayama, Tadashi Furukawa, Toshiaki A Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
title | Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
title_full | Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
title_fullStr | Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
title_full_unstemmed | Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
title_short | Interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
title_sort | interoceptive hypersensitivity and interoceptive exposure in patients with panic disorder: specificity and effectiveness |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559685/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911803 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-6-32 |
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