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Gene activation studied by immunological methods.

Gene activation can be studied at several levels: transcription (mRNA), translation (proteins), or phenotypical alterations (functional activity or morphology). These levels can be studied in situ or biochemically by the use of specific probes for normal or altered DNA, mRNA, or proteins. Immunologi...

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Autores principales: Huitfeldt, H S, Heyden, A, Skarpen, E, Thrane, E V, Schwarze, P E
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 1994
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1566840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889849
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author Huitfeldt, H S
Heyden, A
Skarpen, E
Thrane, E V
Schwarze, P E
author_facet Huitfeldt, H S
Heyden, A
Skarpen, E
Thrane, E V
Schwarze, P E
author_sort Huitfeldt, H S
collection PubMed
description Gene activation can be studied at several levels: transcription (mRNA), translation (proteins), or phenotypical alterations (functional activity or morphology). These levels can be studied in situ or biochemically by the use of specific probes for normal or altered DNA, mRNA, or proteins. Immunological probes are potent tools for studies of alterations induced by xenobiotics in target organs. When the effects of xenobiotics are studied in whole tissue, the cellular heterogeneity of the organ must be taken into account. For this reason, combined in situ and biochemical techniques are necessary. Antibodies to normal or altered cellular constituents are used for identification, quantitation, and cellular localization of proteins and modified DNA. Many xenobiotics alter gene activation by interactions with DNA. After activation, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) forms DNA adducts, which can be identified immunologically. Combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labeling, techniques have been developed to demonstrate reduced adduct concentrations in proliferating cells and preneoplastic foci in the livers of AAF-fed rats. Carcinogen-induced DNA modifications are implicated as a major mechanism of altered gene activation in neoplasia, leading to phenotypical alterations. Also, cellular differentiation may be affected by xenobiotics. Differentiation-associated markers can be used for studies of gene activation. In mouse skin, the keratins K1 and K10 are only expressed in suprabasal, differentiating cells. BrdU pulse chase experiments combined with double immunofluorescence have revealed that K1 and K10 are sequentially turned on 18 to 24 hr after DNA synthesis and are followed by suprabasal migration. After a single application of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cell migration starts directly after mitosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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spelling pubmed-15668402006-09-19 Gene activation studied by immunological methods. Huitfeldt, H S Heyden, A Skarpen, E Thrane, E V Schwarze, P E Environ Health Perspect Research Article Gene activation can be studied at several levels: transcription (mRNA), translation (proteins), or phenotypical alterations (functional activity or morphology). These levels can be studied in situ or biochemically by the use of specific probes for normal or altered DNA, mRNA, or proteins. Immunological probes are potent tools for studies of alterations induced by xenobiotics in target organs. When the effects of xenobiotics are studied in whole tissue, the cellular heterogeneity of the organ must be taken into account. For this reason, combined in situ and biochemical techniques are necessary. Antibodies to normal or altered cellular constituents are used for identification, quantitation, and cellular localization of proteins and modified DNA. Many xenobiotics alter gene activation by interactions with DNA. After activation, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) forms DNA adducts, which can be identified immunologically. Combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labeling, techniques have been developed to demonstrate reduced adduct concentrations in proliferating cells and preneoplastic foci in the livers of AAF-fed rats. Carcinogen-induced DNA modifications are implicated as a major mechanism of altered gene activation in neoplasia, leading to phenotypical alterations. Also, cellular differentiation may be affected by xenobiotics. Differentiation-associated markers can be used for studies of gene activation. In mouse skin, the keratins K1 and K10 are only expressed in suprabasal, differentiating cells. BrdU pulse chase experiments combined with double immunofluorescence have revealed that K1 and K10 are sequentially turned on 18 to 24 hr after DNA synthesis and are followed by suprabasal migration. After a single application of the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cell migration starts directly after mitosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 1994-10 /pmc/articles/PMC1566840/ /pubmed/7889849 Text en
spellingShingle Research Article
Huitfeldt, H S
Heyden, A
Skarpen, E
Thrane, E V
Schwarze, P E
Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
title Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
title_full Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
title_fullStr Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
title_full_unstemmed Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
title_short Gene activation studied by immunological methods.
title_sort gene activation studied by immunological methods.
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1566840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889849
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