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Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens
Many bacterial pathogens employ a type III secretion system to deliver type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) into host cells, where they interact directly with host substrates to modulate defense pathways and promote disease. This interaction creates intense selective pressures on these secreted effec...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2006
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1599762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17040127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020104 |
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author | Stavrinides, John Ma, Wenbo Guttman, David S |
author_facet | Stavrinides, John Ma, Wenbo Guttman, David S |
author_sort | Stavrinides, John |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many bacterial pathogens employ a type III secretion system to deliver type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) into host cells, where they interact directly with host substrates to modulate defense pathways and promote disease. This interaction creates intense selective pressures on these secreted effectors, necessitating rapid evolution to overcome host surveillance systems and defenses. Using computational and evolutionary approaches, we have identified numerous mosaic and truncated T3SEs among animal and plant pathogens. We propose that these secreted virulence genes have evolved through a shuffling process we have called “terminal reassortment.” In terminal reassortment, existing T3SE termini are mobilized within the genome, creating random genetic fusions that result in chimeric genes. Up to 32% of T3SE families in species with relatively large and well-characterized T3SE repertoires show evidence of terminal reassortment, as compared to only 7% of non-T3SE families. Terminal reassortment may permit the near instantaneous evolution of new T3SEs and appears responsible for major modifications to effector activity and function. Because this process plays a more significant role in the evolution of T3SEs than non-effectors, it provides insight into the evolutionary origins of T3SEs and may also help explain the rapid emergence of new infectious agents. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1599762 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2006 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-15997622006-10-13 Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens Stavrinides, John Ma, Wenbo Guttman, David S PLoS Pathog Research Article Many bacterial pathogens employ a type III secretion system to deliver type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) into host cells, where they interact directly with host substrates to modulate defense pathways and promote disease. This interaction creates intense selective pressures on these secreted effectors, necessitating rapid evolution to overcome host surveillance systems and defenses. Using computational and evolutionary approaches, we have identified numerous mosaic and truncated T3SEs among animal and plant pathogens. We propose that these secreted virulence genes have evolved through a shuffling process we have called “terminal reassortment.” In terminal reassortment, existing T3SE termini are mobilized within the genome, creating random genetic fusions that result in chimeric genes. Up to 32% of T3SE families in species with relatively large and well-characterized T3SE repertoires show evidence of terminal reassortment, as compared to only 7% of non-T3SE families. Terminal reassortment may permit the near instantaneous evolution of new T3SEs and appears responsible for major modifications to effector activity and function. Because this process plays a more significant role in the evolution of T3SEs than non-effectors, it provides insight into the evolutionary origins of T3SEs and may also help explain the rapid emergence of new infectious agents. Public Library of Science 2006-10 2006-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC1599762/ /pubmed/17040127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020104 Text en Copyright: © 2006 Stavrinides et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Stavrinides, John Ma, Wenbo Guttman, David S Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens |
title | Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens |
title_full | Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens |
title_fullStr | Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens |
title_full_unstemmed | Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens |
title_short | Terminal Reassortment Drives the Quantum Evolution of Type III Effectors in Bacterial Pathogens |
title_sort | terminal reassortment drives the quantum evolution of type iii effectors in bacterial pathogens |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1599762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17040127 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0020104 |
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