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Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are conditions of airway inflammation that often coexist. DISCUSSION: In susceptible individuals, exposure of the nose and lungs to allergen elicits early phase and late phase responses. Contact with antigen by mast cells results in their degranulation, the r...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2006
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17140423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-6-S1-S5 |
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author | Jeffery, Peter K Haahtela, Tari |
author_facet | Jeffery, Peter K Haahtela, Tari |
author_sort | Jeffery, Peter K |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are conditions of airway inflammation that often coexist. DISCUSSION: In susceptible individuals, exposure of the nose and lungs to allergen elicits early phase and late phase responses. Contact with antigen by mast cells results in their degranulation, the release of selected mediators, and the subsequent recruitment of other inflammatory cell phenotypes. Additional proinflammatory mediators are released, including histamine, prostaglandins, cysteinyl leukotrienes, proteases, and a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Nasal biopsies in allergic rhinitis demonstrate accumulations of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils in the epithelium and accumulations of eosinophils in the deeper subepithelium (that is, lamina propria). Examination of bronchial tissue, even in mild asthma, shows lymphocytic inflammation enriched by eosinophils. In severe asthma, the predominant pattern of inflammation changes, with increases in the numbers of neutrophils and, in many, an extension of the changes to involve smaller airways (that is, bronchioli). Structural alterations (that is, remodeling) of bronchi in mild asthma include epithelial fragility and thickening of its reticular basement membrane. With increasing severity of asthma there may be increases in airway smooth muscle mass, vascularity, interstitial collagen, and mucus-secreting glands. Remodeling in the nose is less extensive than that of the lower airways, but the epithelial reticular basement membrane may be slightly but significantly thickened. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is a key feature of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. There are therefore potential benefits for application of anti-inflammatory strategies that target both these anatomic sites. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1698498 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2006 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-16984982006-12-13 Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition Jeffery, Peter K Haahtela, Tari BMC Pulm Med Review BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis and asthma are conditions of airway inflammation that often coexist. DISCUSSION: In susceptible individuals, exposure of the nose and lungs to allergen elicits early phase and late phase responses. Contact with antigen by mast cells results in their degranulation, the release of selected mediators, and the subsequent recruitment of other inflammatory cell phenotypes. Additional proinflammatory mediators are released, including histamine, prostaglandins, cysteinyl leukotrienes, proteases, and a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Nasal biopsies in allergic rhinitis demonstrate accumulations of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils in the epithelium and accumulations of eosinophils in the deeper subepithelium (that is, lamina propria). Examination of bronchial tissue, even in mild asthma, shows lymphocytic inflammation enriched by eosinophils. In severe asthma, the predominant pattern of inflammation changes, with increases in the numbers of neutrophils and, in many, an extension of the changes to involve smaller airways (that is, bronchioli). Structural alterations (that is, remodeling) of bronchi in mild asthma include epithelial fragility and thickening of its reticular basement membrane. With increasing severity of asthma there may be increases in airway smooth muscle mass, vascularity, interstitial collagen, and mucus-secreting glands. Remodeling in the nose is less extensive than that of the lower airways, but the epithelial reticular basement membrane may be slightly but significantly thickened. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is a key feature of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. There are therefore potential benefits for application of anti-inflammatory strategies that target both these anatomic sites. BioMed Central 2006-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC1698498/ /pubmed/17140423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-6-S1-S5 Text en Copyright © 2006 Jeffery and Haahtela; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Jeffery, Peter K Haahtela, Tari Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
title | Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
title_full | Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
title_fullStr | Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
title_full_unstemmed | Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
title_short | Allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
title_sort | allergic rhinitis and asthma: inflammation in a one-airway condition |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698498/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17140423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-6-S1-S5 |
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