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Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis

Endotoxin tolerance is defined as a reduced responsiveness to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge following a first encounter with endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance protects against a lethal challenge of LPS and prevents infection and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Endotoxin tolerance is paralleled by a...

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Autores principales: Cavaillon, Jean-Marc, Adib-Conquy, Minou
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2006
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1751079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17044947
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc5055
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author Cavaillon, Jean-Marc
Adib-Conquy, Minou
author_facet Cavaillon, Jean-Marc
Adib-Conquy, Minou
author_sort Cavaillon, Jean-Marc
collection PubMed
description Endotoxin tolerance is defined as a reduced responsiveness to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge following a first encounter with endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance protects against a lethal challenge of LPS and prevents infection and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Endotoxin tolerance is paralleled by a dramatic reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and some other cytokines in response to LPS. Endotoxin tolerance involves the participation of macrophages and mediators, such as glucocorticoids, prostaglandins, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β. Endotoxin tolerance is accompanied by the up-regulation of inhibitory molecules that down-regulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependent signaling pathway. Cross-tolerance between LPS and other TLR specific ligands, as well as IL-1 and TNF, has been regularly reported. A similar loss of LPS reactivity has been repeatedly reported in circulating leukocytes of septic patients and in patients with non-infectious systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). Studies on cellular signaling within leukocytes from septic and SIRS patients reveal numerous alterations reminiscent of those observed in endotoxin tolerant cells. However, altered responsiveness to LPS of leukocytes from sepsis and SIRS patients is not synonymous with a global down-regulation of cellular reactivity. The term 'cellular reprogramming', which has been proposed to qualify the process of endotoxin tolerance, defines well the immune status of circulating leukocytes in septic and SIRS patients.
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spelling pubmed-17510792006-12-27 Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis Cavaillon, Jean-Marc Adib-Conquy, Minou Crit Care Review Endotoxin tolerance is defined as a reduced responsiveness to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge following a first encounter with endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance protects against a lethal challenge of LPS and prevents infection and ischemia-reperfusion damage. Endotoxin tolerance is paralleled by a dramatic reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and some other cytokines in response to LPS. Endotoxin tolerance involves the participation of macrophages and mediators, such as glucocorticoids, prostaglandins, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β. Endotoxin tolerance is accompanied by the up-regulation of inhibitory molecules that down-regulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-dependent signaling pathway. Cross-tolerance between LPS and other TLR specific ligands, as well as IL-1 and TNF, has been regularly reported. A similar loss of LPS reactivity has been repeatedly reported in circulating leukocytes of septic patients and in patients with non-infectious systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). Studies on cellular signaling within leukocytes from septic and SIRS patients reveal numerous alterations reminiscent of those observed in endotoxin tolerant cells. However, altered responsiveness to LPS of leukocytes from sepsis and SIRS patients is not synonymous with a global down-regulation of cellular reactivity. The term 'cellular reprogramming', which has been proposed to qualify the process of endotoxin tolerance, defines well the immune status of circulating leukocytes in septic and SIRS patients. BioMed Central 2006 2006-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC1751079/ /pubmed/17044947 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc5055 Text en Copyright © 2006 BioMed Central Ltd
spellingShingle Review
Cavaillon, Jean-Marc
Adib-Conquy, Minou
Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
title Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
title_full Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
title_fullStr Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
title_full_unstemmed Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
title_short Bench-to-bedside review: Endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
title_sort bench-to-bedside review: endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1751079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17044947
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc5055
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