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Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity
We study the evolution of cooperation under indirect reciprocity, believed to constitute the biological basis of morality. We employ an evolutionary game theoretical model of multilevel selection, and show that natural selection and mutation lead to the emergence of a robust and simple social norm,...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2006
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17196034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020178 |
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author | Pacheco, Jorge M Santos, Francisco C Chalub, Fabio A. C. C |
author_facet | Pacheco, Jorge M Santos, Francisco C Chalub, Fabio A. C. C |
author_sort | Pacheco, Jorge M |
collection | PubMed |
description | We study the evolution of cooperation under indirect reciprocity, believed to constitute the biological basis of morality. We employ an evolutionary game theoretical model of multilevel selection, and show that natural selection and mutation lead to the emergence of a robust and simple social norm, which we call stern-judging. Under stern-judging, helping a good individual or refusing help to a bad individual leads to a good reputation, whereas refusing help to a good individual or helping a bad one leads to a bad reputation. Similarly for tit-for-tat and win-stay-lose-shift, the simplest ubiquitous strategies in direct reciprocity, the lack of ambiguity of stern-judging, where implacable punishment is compensated by prompt forgiving, supports the idea that simplicity is often associated with evolutionary success. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1761656 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2006 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-17616562007-01-05 Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity Pacheco, Jorge M Santos, Francisco C Chalub, Fabio A. C. C PLoS Comput Biol Research Article We study the evolution of cooperation under indirect reciprocity, believed to constitute the biological basis of morality. We employ an evolutionary game theoretical model of multilevel selection, and show that natural selection and mutation lead to the emergence of a robust and simple social norm, which we call stern-judging. Under stern-judging, helping a good individual or refusing help to a bad individual leads to a good reputation, whereas refusing help to a good individual or helping a bad one leads to a bad reputation. Similarly for tit-for-tat and win-stay-lose-shift, the simplest ubiquitous strategies in direct reciprocity, the lack of ambiguity of stern-judging, where implacable punishment is compensated by prompt forgiving, supports the idea that simplicity is often associated with evolutionary success. Public Library of Science 2006-12 2006-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC1761656/ /pubmed/17196034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020178 Text en © 2006 Pacheco et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pacheco, Jorge M Santos, Francisco C Chalub, Fabio A. C. C Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity |
title | Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity |
title_full | Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity |
title_fullStr | Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity |
title_full_unstemmed | Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity |
title_short | Stern-Judging: A Simple, Successful Norm Which Promotes Cooperation under Indirect Reciprocity |
title_sort | stern-judging: a simple, successful norm which promotes cooperation under indirect reciprocity |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761656/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17196034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020178 |
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