The interdependence of behavioral and somatic health: implications for conceptualizing health and measuring treatment outcomes

PURPOSE: The interdependence of behavioral and somatic aspects of various health conditions warrants greater emphasis on an integrated care approach. THEORY: We propose that integrated approaches to health and wellness require comprehensive and empirically-valid outcome measures to assess quality of care. METHOD: We discuss the transition from independent to integrated treatment approaches and provide examples of new systems for integrated assessment of treatment outcome. RESULTS: Evidence suggests that support for an independent treatment approach is waning and momentum is building towards more integrated care. In addition, research evidence suggests integrated care improves health outcomes, and both physicians and patients have favorable impressions of integrated care. CONCLUSIONS: As treatment goals in the integrated perspective expand to take into account the intimate relationships among mental illness, overall health, and quality of life, clinicians need to develop outcome measures that are similarly comprehensive. DISCUSSION: Increased recognition, by researchers, providers, and insurers, of the interdependence between behavioral and physical health holds great promise for innovative treatments that could significantly improve patients' lives.