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The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
BACKGROUND: The pharynx of C. elegans is an epithelial tube whose development has been compared to that of the embryonic heart and the kidney and hence serves as an interesting model for organ development. Several C. elegans mutants have been reported to exhibit a twisted pharynx phenotype but no ca...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2007
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1904197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-61 |
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author | Axäng, Claes Rauthan, Manish Hall, David H Pilon, Marc |
author_facet | Axäng, Claes Rauthan, Manish Hall, David H Pilon, Marc |
author_sort | Axäng, Claes |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The pharynx of C. elegans is an epithelial tube whose development has been compared to that of the embryonic heart and the kidney and hence serves as an interesting model for organ development. Several C. elegans mutants have been reported to exhibit a twisted pharynx phenotype but no careful studies have been made to directly address this phenomenon. In this study, the twisting mutants dig-1, mig-4, mnm-4 and unc-61 are examined in detail and the nature of the twist is investigated. RESULTS: We find that the twisting phenotype worsens throughout larval development, that in most mutants the pharynx retains its twist when dissected away from the worm body, and that double mutants between mnm-4 and mutants with thickened pharyngeal domains (pha-2 and sma-1) have less twisting in these regions. We also describe the ultrastructure of pharyngeal tendinous organs that connect the pharyngeal basal lamina to that of the body wall, and show that these are pulled into a spiral orientation by twisted pharynges. Within twisted pharynges, actin filaments also show twisting and are longer than in controls. In a mini screen of adhesionmolecule mutants, we also identified one more twisting pharynx mutant, sax-7. CONCLUSION: Defects in pharyngeal cytoskeleton length or its anchor points to the extracellular matrix are proposed as the actual source of the twisting force. The twisted pharynx is a useful and easy-to-score phenotype for genes required in extracellular adhesion or organ attachment, and perhaps forgenes required for cytoskeleton regulation. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-1904197 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2007 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-19041972007-06-29 The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans Axäng, Claes Rauthan, Manish Hall, David H Pilon, Marc BMC Dev Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: The pharynx of C. elegans is an epithelial tube whose development has been compared to that of the embryonic heart and the kidney and hence serves as an interesting model for organ development. Several C. elegans mutants have been reported to exhibit a twisted pharynx phenotype but no careful studies have been made to directly address this phenomenon. In this study, the twisting mutants dig-1, mig-4, mnm-4 and unc-61 are examined in detail and the nature of the twist is investigated. RESULTS: We find that the twisting phenotype worsens throughout larval development, that in most mutants the pharynx retains its twist when dissected away from the worm body, and that double mutants between mnm-4 and mutants with thickened pharyngeal domains (pha-2 and sma-1) have less twisting in these regions. We also describe the ultrastructure of pharyngeal tendinous organs that connect the pharyngeal basal lamina to that of the body wall, and show that these are pulled into a spiral orientation by twisted pharynges. Within twisted pharynges, actin filaments also show twisting and are longer than in controls. In a mini screen of adhesionmolecule mutants, we also identified one more twisting pharynx mutant, sax-7. CONCLUSION: Defects in pharyngeal cytoskeleton length or its anchor points to the extracellular matrix are proposed as the actual source of the twisting force. The twisted pharynx is a useful and easy-to-score phenotype for genes required in extracellular adhesion or organ attachment, and perhaps forgenes required for cytoskeleton regulation. BioMed Central 2007-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC1904197/ /pubmed/17540043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-61 Text en Copyright © 2007 Axäng et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Axäng, Claes Rauthan, Manish Hall, David H Pilon, Marc The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans |
title | The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans |
title_full | The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans |
title_fullStr | The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans |
title_full_unstemmed | The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans |
title_short | The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans |
title_sort | twisted pharynx phenotype in c. elegans |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1904197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-61 |
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