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The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans

BACKGROUND: The pharynx of C. elegans is an epithelial tube whose development has been compared to that of the embryonic heart and the kidney and hence serves as an interesting model for organ development. Several C. elegans mutants have been reported to exhibit a twisted pharynx phenotype but no ca...

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Autores principales: Axäng, Claes, Rauthan, Manish, Hall, David H, Pilon, Marc
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2007
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1904197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-61
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author Axäng, Claes
Rauthan, Manish
Hall, David H
Pilon, Marc
author_facet Axäng, Claes
Rauthan, Manish
Hall, David H
Pilon, Marc
author_sort Axäng, Claes
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The pharynx of C. elegans is an epithelial tube whose development has been compared to that of the embryonic heart and the kidney and hence serves as an interesting model for organ development. Several C. elegans mutants have been reported to exhibit a twisted pharynx phenotype but no careful studies have been made to directly address this phenomenon. In this study, the twisting mutants dig-1, mig-4, mnm-4 and unc-61 are examined in detail and the nature of the twist is investigated. RESULTS: We find that the twisting phenotype worsens throughout larval development, that in most mutants the pharynx retains its twist when dissected away from the worm body, and that double mutants between mnm-4 and mutants with thickened pharyngeal domains (pha-2 and sma-1) have less twisting in these regions. We also describe the ultrastructure of pharyngeal tendinous organs that connect the pharyngeal basal lamina to that of the body wall, and show that these are pulled into a spiral orientation by twisted pharynges. Within twisted pharynges, actin filaments also show twisting and are longer than in controls. In a mini screen of adhesionmolecule mutants, we also identified one more twisting pharynx mutant, sax-7. CONCLUSION: Defects in pharyngeal cytoskeleton length or its anchor points to the extracellular matrix are proposed as the actual source of the twisting force. The twisted pharynx is a useful and easy-to-score phenotype for genes required in extracellular adhesion or organ attachment, and perhaps forgenes required for cytoskeleton regulation.
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spelling pubmed-19041972007-06-29 The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans Axäng, Claes Rauthan, Manish Hall, David H Pilon, Marc BMC Dev Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: The pharynx of C. elegans is an epithelial tube whose development has been compared to that of the embryonic heart and the kidney and hence serves as an interesting model for organ development. Several C. elegans mutants have been reported to exhibit a twisted pharynx phenotype but no careful studies have been made to directly address this phenomenon. In this study, the twisting mutants dig-1, mig-4, mnm-4 and unc-61 are examined in detail and the nature of the twist is investigated. RESULTS: We find that the twisting phenotype worsens throughout larval development, that in most mutants the pharynx retains its twist when dissected away from the worm body, and that double mutants between mnm-4 and mutants with thickened pharyngeal domains (pha-2 and sma-1) have less twisting in these regions. We also describe the ultrastructure of pharyngeal tendinous organs that connect the pharyngeal basal lamina to that of the body wall, and show that these are pulled into a spiral orientation by twisted pharynges. Within twisted pharynges, actin filaments also show twisting and are longer than in controls. In a mini screen of adhesionmolecule mutants, we also identified one more twisting pharynx mutant, sax-7. CONCLUSION: Defects in pharyngeal cytoskeleton length or its anchor points to the extracellular matrix are proposed as the actual source of the twisting force. The twisted pharynx is a useful and easy-to-score phenotype for genes required in extracellular adhesion or organ attachment, and perhaps forgenes required for cytoskeleton regulation. BioMed Central 2007-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC1904197/ /pubmed/17540043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-61 Text en Copyright © 2007 Axäng et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Axäng, Claes
Rauthan, Manish
Hall, David H
Pilon, Marc
The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
title The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
title_full The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
title_fullStr The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
title_full_unstemmed The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
title_short The twisted pharynx phenotype in C. elegans
title_sort twisted pharynx phenotype in c. elegans
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1904197/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-7-61
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