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Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing

BACKGROUND: Various typing methods have been developed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but none provide the combination of discrimination, reproducibility, portability, and genetic inference that allows the analysis of all aspects of the epidemiology of this pathogen from a single data set. Multilocus se...

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Autores principales: Bennett, Julia S, Jolley, Keith A, Sparling, P Frederick, Saunders, Nigel J, Hart, C Anthony, Feavers, Ian M, Maiden, Martin CJ
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2007
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17825091
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-5-35
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author Bennett, Julia S
Jolley, Keith A
Sparling, P Frederick
Saunders, Nigel J
Hart, C Anthony
Feavers, Ian M
Maiden, Martin CJ
author_facet Bennett, Julia S
Jolley, Keith A
Sparling, P Frederick
Saunders, Nigel J
Hart, C Anthony
Feavers, Ian M
Maiden, Martin CJ
author_sort Bennett, Julia S
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Various typing methods have been developed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but none provide the combination of discrimination, reproducibility, portability, and genetic inference that allows the analysis of all aspects of the epidemiology of this pathogen from a single data set. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been used successfully to characterize the related organisms Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica. Here, the same seven locus Neisseria scheme was used to characterize a diverse collection of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to investigate whether this method would allow differentiation among isolates, and to distinguish these three species. RESULTS: A total of 149 gonococcal isolates were typed and submitted to the Neisseria MLST database. Although relatively few (27) polymorphisms were detected among the seven MLST loci, a total of 66 unique allele combinations (sequence types, STs), were observed, a number comparable to that seen among isolate collections of the more diverse meningococcus. Patterns of genetic variation were consistent with high levels of recombination generating this diversity. There was no evidence for geographical structuring among the isolates examined, with isolates collected in Liverpool, UK, showing levels of diversity similar to a global collection of isolates. There was, however, evidence that populations of N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and N. lactamica were distinct, with little support for frequent genetic recombination among these species, with the sequences from the gdh locus alone grouping the species into distinct clusters. CONCLUSION: The seven loci Neisseria MLST scheme was readily adapted to N. gonorrhoeae isolates, providing a highly discriminatory typing method. In addition, these data permitted phylogenetic and population genetic inferences to be made, including direct comparisons with N. meningitidis and N. lactamica. Examination of these data demonstrated that alleles were rarely shared among the three species. Analysis of variation at a single locus, gdh, provided a rapid means of identifying misclassified isolates and determining whether mixed cultures were present.
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spelling pubmed-20318792007-10-17 Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing Bennett, Julia S Jolley, Keith A Sparling, P Frederick Saunders, Nigel J Hart, C Anthony Feavers, Ian M Maiden, Martin CJ BMC Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Various typing methods have been developed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but none provide the combination of discrimination, reproducibility, portability, and genetic inference that allows the analysis of all aspects of the epidemiology of this pathogen from a single data set. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been used successfully to characterize the related organisms Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica. Here, the same seven locus Neisseria scheme was used to characterize a diverse collection of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to investigate whether this method would allow differentiation among isolates, and to distinguish these three species. RESULTS: A total of 149 gonococcal isolates were typed and submitted to the Neisseria MLST database. Although relatively few (27) polymorphisms were detected among the seven MLST loci, a total of 66 unique allele combinations (sequence types, STs), were observed, a number comparable to that seen among isolate collections of the more diverse meningococcus. Patterns of genetic variation were consistent with high levels of recombination generating this diversity. There was no evidence for geographical structuring among the isolates examined, with isolates collected in Liverpool, UK, showing levels of diversity similar to a global collection of isolates. There was, however, evidence that populations of N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and N. lactamica were distinct, with little support for frequent genetic recombination among these species, with the sequences from the gdh locus alone grouping the species into distinct clusters. CONCLUSION: The seven loci Neisseria MLST scheme was readily adapted to N. gonorrhoeae isolates, providing a highly discriminatory typing method. In addition, these data permitted phylogenetic and population genetic inferences to be made, including direct comparisons with N. meningitidis and N. lactamica. Examination of these data demonstrated that alleles were rarely shared among the three species. Analysis of variation at a single locus, gdh, provided a rapid means of identifying misclassified isolates and determining whether mixed cultures were present. BioMed Central 2007-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC2031879/ /pubmed/17825091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-5-35 Text en Copyright © 2007 Bennett et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bennett, Julia S
Jolley, Keith A
Sparling, P Frederick
Saunders, Nigel J
Hart, C Anthony
Feavers, Ian M
Maiden, Martin CJ
Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
title Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
title_full Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
title_fullStr Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
title_full_unstemmed Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
title_short Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
title_sort species status of neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17825091
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-5-35
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