PULMONARY EDEMA IN INFLUENZAL PNEUMONIA OF THE MOUSE AND THE RELATION OF FLUID IN THE LUNG TO THE INCEPTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA

Pulmonary edema is a component of the fully developed influenza viral lesion in the mouse. Mice with experimental pulmonary fluid have an increased susceptibility to inhaled pneumococci and under these circumstances the organisms grow in the lung and produce the lesion of bacterial pneumonia. The presence of pulmonary edema in the lesion due to the influenza virus in the lung of the mouse appears to account adequately for the previous observation that inhaled pneumococci grow in the influenza viral lesion. Mice dying of pneumococcal septicemia after inhaling fine droplets containing this organism do not have pneumonia. The delay in migration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the lung after injection of pneumococci suspended in serum is an important factor in susceptibility to infection since it allows ample time for pneumococci to grow in the pulmonary fluid. The slow phagocytic action of pulmonary macrophages likewise permits growth of pneumococci. Conditions in human beings that are known to be complicated by pulmonary edema are also known to be associated with increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia.