FURTHER STUDIES ON THE γG-HEAVY CHAIN GENE COMPLEXES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE GENETIC MARKERS Gm(g) AND Gm(n)

The recently described Gm (g) and Gm (n) genetic markers of the γG3- and γG2-subgroups of γ-globulin were characterized in detail primarily through studies of myeloma proteins, their polypeptide chains and fragments. Antisera derived from rabbits, non-human primates and rheumatoid arthritis patients gave identical results. This contrasted with the Gm (b) system where the rabbit antisera react with a different genetic determinant (b(0)) than the sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients (b). The Gm (g) and Gm (n) antigens were detected both by precipitin analysis and by hemagglutination inhibition. The Gm (g) antigen was not associated with any of the other genetic antigens of the γG3-proteins which all belonged in the Gm (b) class. The genes for the latter were always allelic to the gene coding for Gm (g), with that for Gm (b(0)) constantly present when that for Gm (g) was absent. The Gm (g) and Gm (n) markers were of particular value in tracing the various gene complexes made up of the closely linked subgroup genes. Further support was gained for the concept that the different gene complexes of various population groups arose primarily through crossing-over. The Gm (g) and Gm (b) genes for the γG3-subgroup were extremely closely linked to those for the γG1-subgroup. However the Gm (n) marker indicated that the γG2-subgroup genes were probably further separated on the chromosome. Additional evidence was obtained for the γG2-γG3-γG1-order of the subgroup cistrons. Among the wide range of gene complexes a new type (γG2,—,γ/G1) was described. This complex appeared to have a deletion of the γG3-cistron. Lower levels of γG3-globulin were found in the sera of the individuals with this gene in the heterozygous state. The possibility that this unusual complex arose through an unequal nonhomologous crossing-over is discussed.