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THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS
Evidence is presented that antigen-sensitive cells require two signals for induction. Normally these two signals are delivered to the cell via the recognition of two determinants on the immunogen: the first the receptor on the antigen-sensitive cell, and the second by the cooperating cell system. Th...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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The Rockefeller University Press
1973
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2139420/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4737981 |
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author | Watson, James Trenkner, Ekkhart Cohn, Melvin |
author_facet | Watson, James Trenkner, Ekkhart Cohn, Melvin |
author_sort | Watson, James |
collection | PubMed |
description | Evidence is presented that antigen-sensitive cells require two signals for induction. Normally these two signals are delivered to the cell via the recognition of two determinants on the immunogen: the first the receptor on the antigen-sensitive cell, and the second by the cooperating cell system. The special experimental situation described here depends upon the observation that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) render immunogenic a variety of haptens. When monovalent haptens (TNP-amino acids) are added to spleen cultures, specific antihapten responses are induced in the presence of LPS. After analyzing competing interpretations of this phenomenon, we propose that the antigenic signal is delivered as the consequence of a conformational change in the receptor upon interacting with antigen, and the second signal is delivered directly via the interaction of LPS with the membrane on the antigen-sensitive cell receiving the antigenic signal, or indirectly via the interaction of LPS with the cooperating cell population. These data imply LPS is not itself a mitogen, but merely completes an inductive stimulus to B cells. The experimental results from these and other studies indicate how these two signals may participate in inductive, suppressive, and paralytic stimuli to antigen-sensitive cells. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2139420 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 1973 |
publisher | The Rockefeller University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-21394202008-04-17 THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS Watson, James Trenkner, Ekkhart Cohn, Melvin J Exp Med Article Evidence is presented that antigen-sensitive cells require two signals for induction. Normally these two signals are delivered to the cell via the recognition of two determinants on the immunogen: the first the receptor on the antigen-sensitive cell, and the second by the cooperating cell system. The special experimental situation described here depends upon the observation that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) render immunogenic a variety of haptens. When monovalent haptens (TNP-amino acids) are added to spleen cultures, specific antihapten responses are induced in the presence of LPS. After analyzing competing interpretations of this phenomenon, we propose that the antigenic signal is delivered as the consequence of a conformational change in the receptor upon interacting with antigen, and the second signal is delivered directly via the interaction of LPS with the membrane on the antigen-sensitive cell receiving the antigenic signal, or indirectly via the interaction of LPS with the cooperating cell population. These data imply LPS is not itself a mitogen, but merely completes an inductive stimulus to B cells. The experimental results from these and other studies indicate how these two signals may participate in inductive, suppressive, and paralytic stimuli to antigen-sensitive cells. The Rockefeller University Press 1973-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC2139420/ /pubmed/4737981 Text en Copyright © 1973 by The Rockefeller University Press This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Watson, James Trenkner, Ekkhart Cohn, Melvin THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS |
title | THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS |
title_full | THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS |
title_fullStr | THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS |
title_full_unstemmed | THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS |
title_short | THE USE OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES TO SHOW THAT TWO SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INDUCTION OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS |
title_sort | use of bacterial lipopolysaccharides to show that two signals are required for the induction of antibody synthesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2139420/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4737981 |
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