A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate
In vertebrate embryos, the earliest definitive marker for the neural plate, which will give rise to the entire central nervous system, is the transcription factor Sox2. Although some of the extracellular signals that regulate neural plate fate have been identified, we know very little about the mech...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174969/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060002 |
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author | Papanayotou, Costis Mey, Anne Birot, Anne-Marie Saka, Yasushi Boast, Sharon Smith, Jim C Samarut, Jacques Stern, Claudio D |
author_facet | Papanayotou, Costis Mey, Anne Birot, Anne-Marie Saka, Yasushi Boast, Sharon Smith, Jim C Samarut, Jacques Stern, Claudio D |
author_sort | Papanayotou, Costis |
collection | PubMed |
description | In vertebrate embryos, the earliest definitive marker for the neural plate, which will give rise to the entire central nervous system, is the transcription factor Sox2. Although some of the extracellular signals that regulate neural plate fate have been identified, we know very little about the mechanisms controlling Sox2 expression and thus neural plate identity. Here, we use electroporation for gain- and loss-of-function in the chick embryo, in combination with bimolecular fluorescence complementation, two-hybrid screens, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays to study protein interactions that regulate expression of N2, the earliest enhancer of Sox2 to be activated and which directs expression to the largest part of the neural plate. We show that interactions between three coiled-coil domain proteins (ERNI, Geminin, and BERT), the heterochromatin proteins HP1α and HP1γ acting as repressors, and the chromatin-remodeling enzyme Brm acting as activator control the N2 enhancer. We propose that this mechanism regulates the timing of Sox2 expression as part of the process of establishing neural plate identity. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2174969 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-21749692008-01-08 A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate Papanayotou, Costis Mey, Anne Birot, Anne-Marie Saka, Yasushi Boast, Sharon Smith, Jim C Samarut, Jacques Stern, Claudio D PLoS Biol Research Article In vertebrate embryos, the earliest definitive marker for the neural plate, which will give rise to the entire central nervous system, is the transcription factor Sox2. Although some of the extracellular signals that regulate neural plate fate have been identified, we know very little about the mechanisms controlling Sox2 expression and thus neural plate identity. Here, we use electroporation for gain- and loss-of-function in the chick embryo, in combination with bimolecular fluorescence complementation, two-hybrid screens, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays to study protein interactions that regulate expression of N2, the earliest enhancer of Sox2 to be activated and which directs expression to the largest part of the neural plate. We show that interactions between three coiled-coil domain proteins (ERNI, Geminin, and BERT), the heterochromatin proteins HP1α and HP1γ acting as repressors, and the chromatin-remodeling enzyme Brm acting as activator control the N2 enhancer. We propose that this mechanism regulates the timing of Sox2 expression as part of the process of establishing neural plate identity. Public Library of Science 2008-01 2008-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC2174969/ /pubmed/18184035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060002 Text en © 2008 Papanayotou et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Papanayotou, Costis Mey, Anne Birot, Anne-Marie Saka, Yasushi Boast, Sharon Smith, Jim C Samarut, Jacques Stern, Claudio D A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate |
title | A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate |
title_full | A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate |
title_fullStr | A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate |
title_full_unstemmed | A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate |
title_short | A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate |
title_sort | mechanism regulating the onset of sox2 expression in the embryonic neural plate |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174969/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060002 |
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