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Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive

Antigen injection into animals causes antigen-specific T cells to become activated and, rapidly thereafter, die. This antigen-induced death is inhibited by inflammation. To find out how inflammation has this effect, various cytokines were tested for their ability to interfere with the rapid death of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Marrack, Philippa, Kappler, John, Mitchell, Tom
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Rockefeller University Press 1999
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2192920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927514
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author Marrack, Philippa
Kappler, John
Mitchell, Tom
author_facet Marrack, Philippa
Kappler, John
Mitchell, Tom
author_sort Marrack, Philippa
collection PubMed
description Antigen injection into animals causes antigen-specific T cells to become activated and, rapidly thereafter, die. This antigen-induced death is inhibited by inflammation. To find out how inflammation has this effect, various cytokines were tested for their ability to interfere with the rapid death of activated T cells. T cells were activated in vivo, isolated, and cultured with the test reagents. Two groups of cytokines were active, members of the interleukin 2 family and the interferons (IFNs) α and β. This activity of IFN-α/β has not been described previously. It was due to direct effects of the IFNs on the T cells and was not mediated by induction of a second cytokine such as interleukin 15. IFN-γ did not slow the death of activated T cells, and therefore the activity of IFN-α/β was not mediated only by activation of Stat 1, a protein that is affected by both classes of IFN. IFN-α/β did not raise the levels of Bcl-2 or Bcl-(XL) in T cells. Therefore, their activity was distinct from that of members of the interleukin 2 family or CD28 engagement. Since IFN-α/β are very efficiently generated in response to viral and bacterial infections, these molecules may be among the signals that the immune system uses to prevent activated T cell death during infections.
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spelling pubmed-21929202008-04-16 Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive Marrack, Philippa Kappler, John Mitchell, Tom J Exp Med Articles Antigen injection into animals causes antigen-specific T cells to become activated and, rapidly thereafter, die. This antigen-induced death is inhibited by inflammation. To find out how inflammation has this effect, various cytokines were tested for their ability to interfere with the rapid death of activated T cells. T cells were activated in vivo, isolated, and cultured with the test reagents. Two groups of cytokines were active, members of the interleukin 2 family and the interferons (IFNs) α and β. This activity of IFN-α/β has not been described previously. It was due to direct effects of the IFNs on the T cells and was not mediated by induction of a second cytokine such as interleukin 15. IFN-γ did not slow the death of activated T cells, and therefore the activity of IFN-α/β was not mediated only by activation of Stat 1, a protein that is affected by both classes of IFN. IFN-α/β did not raise the levels of Bcl-2 or Bcl-(XL) in T cells. Therefore, their activity was distinct from that of members of the interleukin 2 family or CD28 engagement. Since IFN-α/β are very efficiently generated in response to viral and bacterial infections, these molecules may be among the signals that the immune system uses to prevent activated T cell death during infections. The Rockefeller University Press 1999-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC2192920/ /pubmed/9927514 Text en This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
spellingShingle Articles
Marrack, Philippa
Kappler, John
Mitchell, Tom
Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive
title Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive
title_full Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive
title_fullStr Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive
title_full_unstemmed Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive
title_short Type I Interferons Keep Activated T Cells Alive
title_sort type i interferons keep activated t cells alive
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2192920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927514
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