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RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles
Transcripts of centromeric satellite DNAs are known to play a role in heterochromatin formation as well as in establishment of the kinetochore. However, little is known about basic mechanisms of satellite DNA expression within constitutive heterochromatin and its regulation. Here we present comprehe...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18270581 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001594 |
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author | Pezer, Željka Ugarković, Đurđica |
author_facet | Pezer, Željka Ugarković, Đurđica |
author_sort | Pezer, Željka |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transcripts of centromeric satellite DNAs are known to play a role in heterochromatin formation as well as in establishment of the kinetochore. However, little is known about basic mechanisms of satellite DNA expression within constitutive heterochromatin and its regulation. Here we present comprehensive analysis of transcription of abundant centromeric satellite DNA, PRAT from beetle Palorus ratzeburgii (Coleoptera). This satellite is characterized by preservation and extreme sequence conservation among evolutionarily distant insect species. PRAT is expressed in all three developmental stages: larvae, pupae and adults at similar level. Transcripts are abundant comprising 0.033% of total RNA and are heterogeneous in size ranging from 0.5 kb up to more than 5 kb. Transcription proceeds from both strands but with 10 fold different expression intensity and transcripts are not processed into siRNAs. Most of the transcripts (80%) are not polyadenylated and remain in the nucleus while a small portion is exported to the cytoplasm. Multiple, irregularly distributed transcription initiation sites as well as termination sites have been mapped within the PRAT sequence using primer extension and RLM-RACE. The presence of cap structure as well as poly(A) tails in a portion of the transcripts indicate RNA polymerase II–dependent transcription and a putative polymerase II promoter site overlaps the most conserved part of the PRAT sequence. The treatment of larvae with alpha-amanitin decreases the level of PRAT transcripts at concentrations that selectively inhibit pol II activity. In conclusion, stable, RNA polymerase II dependant transcripts of abundant centromeric satellite DNA, not regulated by RNAi, have been identified and characterized. This study offers a basic understanding of expression of highly abundant heterochromatic DNA which in beetle species constitutes up to 50% of the genome. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2220036 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-22200362008-02-13 RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles Pezer, Željka Ugarković, Đurđica PLoS One Research Article Transcripts of centromeric satellite DNAs are known to play a role in heterochromatin formation as well as in establishment of the kinetochore. However, little is known about basic mechanisms of satellite DNA expression within constitutive heterochromatin and its regulation. Here we present comprehensive analysis of transcription of abundant centromeric satellite DNA, PRAT from beetle Palorus ratzeburgii (Coleoptera). This satellite is characterized by preservation and extreme sequence conservation among evolutionarily distant insect species. PRAT is expressed in all three developmental stages: larvae, pupae and adults at similar level. Transcripts are abundant comprising 0.033% of total RNA and are heterogeneous in size ranging from 0.5 kb up to more than 5 kb. Transcription proceeds from both strands but with 10 fold different expression intensity and transcripts are not processed into siRNAs. Most of the transcripts (80%) are not polyadenylated and remain in the nucleus while a small portion is exported to the cytoplasm. Multiple, irregularly distributed transcription initiation sites as well as termination sites have been mapped within the PRAT sequence using primer extension and RLM-RACE. The presence of cap structure as well as poly(A) tails in a portion of the transcripts indicate RNA polymerase II–dependent transcription and a putative polymerase II promoter site overlaps the most conserved part of the PRAT sequence. The treatment of larvae with alpha-amanitin decreases the level of PRAT transcripts at concentrations that selectively inhibit pol II activity. In conclusion, stable, RNA polymerase II dependant transcripts of abundant centromeric satellite DNA, not regulated by RNAi, have been identified and characterized. This study offers a basic understanding of expression of highly abundant heterochromatic DNA which in beetle species constitutes up to 50% of the genome. Public Library of Science 2008-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC2220036/ /pubmed/18270581 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001594 Text en Pezer, Ugarković. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pezer, Željka Ugarković, Đurđica RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles |
title | RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles |
title_full | RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles |
title_fullStr | RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles |
title_full_unstemmed | RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles |
title_short | RNA Pol II Promotes Transcription of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Beetles |
title_sort | rna pol ii promotes transcription of centromeric satellite dna in beetles |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18270581 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001594 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT pezerzeljka rnapoliipromotestranscriptionofcentromericsatellitednainbeetles AT ugarkovicđurđica rnapoliipromotestranscriptionofcentromericsatellitednainbeetles |