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Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs

Much of the research on insulators in Drosophila has been done with transgenic constructs using the white gene (mini-white) as reporter. Hereby we report that the sequence between the white and CG32795 genes in Drosophila melanogaster contains an insulator of a novel kind. Its functional core is wit...

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Autores principales: Chetverina, Darya, Savitskaya, Ekaterina, Maksimenko, Oksana, Melnikova, Larisa, Zaytseva, Olga, Parshikov, Alexander, Galkin, Alexander V., Georgiev, Pavel
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2241909/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18086699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm992
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author Chetverina, Darya
Savitskaya, Ekaterina
Maksimenko, Oksana
Melnikova, Larisa
Zaytseva, Olga
Parshikov, Alexander
Galkin, Alexander V.
Georgiev, Pavel
author_facet Chetverina, Darya
Savitskaya, Ekaterina
Maksimenko, Oksana
Melnikova, Larisa
Zaytseva, Olga
Parshikov, Alexander
Galkin, Alexander V.
Georgiev, Pavel
author_sort Chetverina, Darya
collection PubMed
description Much of the research on insulators in Drosophila has been done with transgenic constructs using the white gene (mini-white) as reporter. Hereby we report that the sequence between the white and CG32795 genes in Drosophila melanogaster contains an insulator of a novel kind. Its functional core is within a 368 bp segment almost contiguous to the white 3′UTR, hence we name it as Wari (white-abutting resident insulator). Though Wari contains no binding sites for known insulator proteins and does not require Su(Hw) or Mod(mdg4) for its activity, it can equally well interact with another copy of Wari and with unrelated Su(Hw)-dependent insulators, gypsy or 1A2. In its natural downstream position, Wari reinforces enhancer blocking by any of the three insulators placed between the enhancer and the promoter; again, Wari–Wari, Wari–gypsy or 1A2–Wari pairing results in mutual neutralization (insulator bypass) when they precede the promoter. The distressing issue is that this element hides in all mini-white constructs employed worldwide to study various insulators and other regulatory elements as well as long-range genomic interactions, and its versatile effects could have seriously influenced the results and conclusions of many works.
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spelling pubmed-22419092008-02-21 Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs Chetverina, Darya Savitskaya, Ekaterina Maksimenko, Oksana Melnikova, Larisa Zaytseva, Olga Parshikov, Alexander Galkin, Alexander V. Georgiev, Pavel Nucleic Acids Res Molecular Biology Much of the research on insulators in Drosophila has been done with transgenic constructs using the white gene (mini-white) as reporter. Hereby we report that the sequence between the white and CG32795 genes in Drosophila melanogaster contains an insulator of a novel kind. Its functional core is within a 368 bp segment almost contiguous to the white 3′UTR, hence we name it as Wari (white-abutting resident insulator). Though Wari contains no binding sites for known insulator proteins and does not require Su(Hw) or Mod(mdg4) for its activity, it can equally well interact with another copy of Wari and with unrelated Su(Hw)-dependent insulators, gypsy or 1A2. In its natural downstream position, Wari reinforces enhancer blocking by any of the three insulators placed between the enhancer and the promoter; again, Wari–Wari, Wari–gypsy or 1A2–Wari pairing results in mutual neutralization (insulator bypass) when they precede the promoter. The distressing issue is that this element hides in all mini-white constructs employed worldwide to study various insulators and other regulatory elements as well as long-range genomic interactions, and its versatile effects could have seriously influenced the results and conclusions of many works. Oxford University Press 2008-02 2007-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC2241909/ /pubmed/18086699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm992 Text en © 2007 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Molecular Biology
Chetverina, Darya
Savitskaya, Ekaterina
Maksimenko, Oksana
Melnikova, Larisa
Zaytseva, Olga
Parshikov, Alexander
Galkin, Alexander V.
Georgiev, Pavel
Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
title Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
title_full Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
title_fullStr Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
title_full_unstemmed Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
title_short Red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in Drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
title_sort red flag on the white reporter: a versatile insulator abuts the white gene in drosophila and is omnipresent in mini-white constructs
topic Molecular Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2241909/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18086699
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm992
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