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Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13
BACKGROUND: Although often associated with holoprosencephaly, little detail of the histopathology of cyclopia is available. Here, we describe the ocular findings in a case of trisomy 13 to better understand the histogenesis of the rosettes, or tubules, characteristic of the retinal dysplasia associa...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2007
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18088410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-2-48 |
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author | Chan, Ada Lakshminrusimha, Satyan Heffner, Reid Gonzalez-Fernandez, Federico |
author_facet | Chan, Ada Lakshminrusimha, Satyan Heffner, Reid Gonzalez-Fernandez, Federico |
author_sort | Chan, Ada |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Although often associated with holoprosencephaly, little detail of the histopathology of cyclopia is available. Here, we describe the ocular findings in a case of trisomy 13 to better understand the histogenesis of the rosettes, or tubules, characteristic of the retinal dysplasia associated with this condition. METHODS: A full pediatric autopsy was performed of a near term infant who died shortly after birth from multiple congenital anomalies including fused facial-midline structures. A detailed histopathological study of the ocular structures was performed. The expression of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP), rod opsin, and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Holoprosencephaly, and a spectrum of anatomical findings characteristic of Patau's syndrome, were found. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated trisomy 13 [47, XY, +13]. The eyes were fused but contained two developed separate lenses. In contrast, the cornea, and angle structures were hypoplastic, and the anterior chamber had failed to form. The retina showed areas of normally laminated neural retina, whereas in other areas it was replaced by numerous neuronal rosettes. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed that the rosettes were composed of differentiated retinal neurons and Müller cell glia. In normally laminated retina, Shh expression was restricted to retinal-ganglion cells, and to a population of neurons in the inner zone of the outer nuclear layer. In contrast, Shh could not be detected in the dysplastic rosettes. CONCLUSION: The histopathology of cyclopia appears to be more complex than what may have been previously appreciated. In fact, the terms "cyclopia" and "synophthalmia" are misnomers as the underlying mechanism is a failure of the eyes to form separately during development. The rosettes found in the dysplastic retina are fundamentally different than those of retinoblastoma, being composed of a variety of differentiated cell types. The dysplastic rosettes are essentially laminated retina failing to establish a polarized orientation, resulting in the formation of tubules. Finally, our findings suggest that defective ganglion cell Shh expression may contribute to the ocular pathology of cyclopia. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2244598 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2007 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-22445982008-02-15 Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 Chan, Ada Lakshminrusimha, Satyan Heffner, Reid Gonzalez-Fernandez, Federico Diagn Pathol Case Report BACKGROUND: Although often associated with holoprosencephaly, little detail of the histopathology of cyclopia is available. Here, we describe the ocular findings in a case of trisomy 13 to better understand the histogenesis of the rosettes, or tubules, characteristic of the retinal dysplasia associated with this condition. METHODS: A full pediatric autopsy was performed of a near term infant who died shortly after birth from multiple congenital anomalies including fused facial-midline structures. A detailed histopathological study of the ocular structures was performed. The expression of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP), rod opsin, and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Holoprosencephaly, and a spectrum of anatomical findings characteristic of Patau's syndrome, were found. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated trisomy 13 [47, XY, +13]. The eyes were fused but contained two developed separate lenses. In contrast, the cornea, and angle structures were hypoplastic, and the anterior chamber had failed to form. The retina showed areas of normally laminated neural retina, whereas in other areas it was replaced by numerous neuronal rosettes. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed that the rosettes were composed of differentiated retinal neurons and Müller cell glia. In normally laminated retina, Shh expression was restricted to retinal-ganglion cells, and to a population of neurons in the inner zone of the outer nuclear layer. In contrast, Shh could not be detected in the dysplastic rosettes. CONCLUSION: The histopathology of cyclopia appears to be more complex than what may have been previously appreciated. In fact, the terms "cyclopia" and "synophthalmia" are misnomers as the underlying mechanism is a failure of the eyes to form separately during development. The rosettes found in the dysplastic retina are fundamentally different than those of retinoblastoma, being composed of a variety of differentiated cell types. The dysplastic rosettes are essentially laminated retina failing to establish a polarized orientation, resulting in the formation of tubules. Finally, our findings suggest that defective ganglion cell Shh expression may contribute to the ocular pathology of cyclopia. BioMed Central 2007-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC2244598/ /pubmed/18088410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-2-48 Text en Copyright © 2007 Chan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Case Report Chan, Ada Lakshminrusimha, Satyan Heffner, Reid Gonzalez-Fernandez, Federico Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
title | Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
title_full | Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
title_fullStr | Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
title_full_unstemmed | Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
title_short | Histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
title_sort | histogenesis of retinal dysplasia in trisomy 13 |
topic | Case Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2244598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18088410 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-2-48 |
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