Cargando…
Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina
BACKGROUND: Retinal bipolar cells comprise a diverse group of neurons. Cone bipolar cells and rod bipolar cells are so named for their connections with cone and rod photoreceptors, respectively. Morphological criteria have been established that distinguish nine types of cone bipolar cells and one ty...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2008
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2248187/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18215319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-8104-3-2 |
_version_ | 1782150975656558592 |
---|---|
author | Morrow, Eric M Chen, C-M Amy Cepko, Constance L |
author_facet | Morrow, Eric M Chen, C-M Amy Cepko, Constance L |
author_sort | Morrow, Eric M |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Retinal bipolar cells comprise a diverse group of neurons. Cone bipolar cells and rod bipolar cells are so named for their connections with cone and rod photoreceptors, respectively. Morphological criteria have been established that distinguish nine types of cone bipolar cells and one type of rod bipolar cell in mouse and rat. While anatomical and physiological aspects of bipolar types have been actively studied, little is known about the sequence of events that leads to bipolar cell type specification and the potential relationship this process may have with synapse formation in the outer plexiform layer. In this study, we have examined the birth order of rod and cone bipolar cells in the developing mouse and rat in vivo. RESULTS: Using retroviral lineage analysis with the histochemical marker alkaline phosphatase, the percentage of cone and rod bipolar cells born on postnatal day 0 (P0), P4, and P6 were determined, based upon the well characterized morphology of these cells in the adult rat retina. In this in vivo experiment, we have demonstrated that cone bipolar genesis clearly precedes rod bipolar genesis. In addition, in the postnatal mouse retina, using a combination of tritiated-thymidine birthdating and immunohistochemistry to distinguish bipolar types, we have similarly found that cone bipolar genesis precedes rod bipolar genesis. The tritiated-thymidine birthdating studies also included quantification of the birth of all postnatally generated retinal cell types in the mouse. CONCLUSION: Using two independent in vivo methodologies in rat and mouse retina, we have demonstrated that there are distinct waves of genesis of the two major bipolar cell types, with cone bipolar genesis preceding rod bipolar genesis. These waves of bipolar genesis correspond to the order of genesis of the presynaptic photoreceptor cell types. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2248187 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-22481872008-02-20 Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina Morrow, Eric M Chen, C-M Amy Cepko, Constance L Neural Develop Research Article BACKGROUND: Retinal bipolar cells comprise a diverse group of neurons. Cone bipolar cells and rod bipolar cells are so named for their connections with cone and rod photoreceptors, respectively. Morphological criteria have been established that distinguish nine types of cone bipolar cells and one type of rod bipolar cell in mouse and rat. While anatomical and physiological aspects of bipolar types have been actively studied, little is known about the sequence of events that leads to bipolar cell type specification and the potential relationship this process may have with synapse formation in the outer plexiform layer. In this study, we have examined the birth order of rod and cone bipolar cells in the developing mouse and rat in vivo. RESULTS: Using retroviral lineage analysis with the histochemical marker alkaline phosphatase, the percentage of cone and rod bipolar cells born on postnatal day 0 (P0), P4, and P6 were determined, based upon the well characterized morphology of these cells in the adult rat retina. In this in vivo experiment, we have demonstrated that cone bipolar genesis clearly precedes rod bipolar genesis. In addition, in the postnatal mouse retina, using a combination of tritiated-thymidine birthdating and immunohistochemistry to distinguish bipolar types, we have similarly found that cone bipolar genesis precedes rod bipolar genesis. The tritiated-thymidine birthdating studies also included quantification of the birth of all postnatally generated retinal cell types in the mouse. CONCLUSION: Using two independent in vivo methodologies in rat and mouse retina, we have demonstrated that there are distinct waves of genesis of the two major bipolar cell types, with cone bipolar genesis preceding rod bipolar genesis. These waves of bipolar genesis correspond to the order of genesis of the presynaptic photoreceptor cell types. BioMed Central 2008-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC2248187/ /pubmed/18215319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-8104-3-2 Text en Copyright © 2008 Morrow et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Morrow, Eric M Chen, C-M Amy Cepko, Constance L Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
title | Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
title_full | Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
title_fullStr | Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
title_full_unstemmed | Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
title_short | Temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
title_sort | temporal order of bipolar cell genesis in the neural retina |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2248187/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18215319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1749-8104-3-2 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT morrowericm temporalorderofbipolarcellgenesisintheneuralretina AT chencmamy temporalorderofbipolarcellgenesisintheneuralretina AT cepkoconstancel temporalorderofbipolarcellgenesisintheneuralretina |