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Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects

BACKGROUND: Ultrafine particles (UFP) may contribute to the cardiovascular effects of exposure to particulate air pollution, partly because of their relatively efficient alveolar deposition and potential to enter the pulmonary vascular space. OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that inhalat...

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Autores principales: Shah, Alpa P., Pietropaoli, Anthony P., Frasier, Lauren M., Speers, Donna M., Chalupa, David C., Delehanty, Joseph M., Huang, Li-Shan, Utell, Mark J., Frampton, Mark W.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2265060/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18335106
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10323
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author Shah, Alpa P.
Pietropaoli, Anthony P.
Frasier, Lauren M.
Speers, Donna M.
Chalupa, David C.
Delehanty, Joseph M.
Huang, Li-Shan
Utell, Mark J.
Frampton, Mark W.
author_facet Shah, Alpa P.
Pietropaoli, Anthony P.
Frasier, Lauren M.
Speers, Donna M.
Chalupa, David C.
Delehanty, Joseph M.
Huang, Li-Shan
Utell, Mark J.
Frampton, Mark W.
author_sort Shah, Alpa P.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Ultrafine particles (UFP) may contribute to the cardiovascular effects of exposure to particulate air pollution, partly because of their relatively efficient alveolar deposition and potential to enter the pulmonary vascular space. OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that inhalation of elemental carbon UFP alters systemic vascular function. METHODS: Sixteen healthy subjects (mean age, 26.9 ± 6.5 years) inhaled air or 50 μg/m(3) elemental carbon UFP by mouthpiece for 2 hr, while exercising intermittently. Measurements at preexposure baseline, 0 hr (immediately after exposure), 3.5 hr, 21 hr, and 45 hr included vital signs, venous occlusion plethysmography and reactive hyperemia of the forearm, and venous plasma nitrate and nitrite levels. RESULTS: Peak forearm blood flow after ischemia increased 3.5 hr after exposure to air but not UFP (change from preexposure baseline, air: 9.31 ± 3.41; UFP: 1.09 ± 2.55 mL/min/100 mL; t-test, p = 0.03). Blood pressure did not change, so minimal resistance after ischemia (mean blood pressure divided by forearm blood flow) decreased with air, but not UFP [change from preexposure baseline, air: −0.48 ± 0.21; UFP: 0.07 ± 0.19 mmHg/mL/min; analysis of variance (ANOVA), p = 0.024]. There was no UFP effect on pre-ischemia forearm blood flow or resistance, or on total forearm blood flow after ischemia. Venous nitrate levels were significantly lower after exposure to carbon UFP compared with air (ANOVA, p = 0.038). There were no differences in venous nitrite levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 50 μg/m(3) carbon UFP during intermittent exercise impairs peak forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia in healthy human subjects.
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spelling pubmed-22650602008-03-11 Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects Shah, Alpa P. Pietropaoli, Anthony P. Frasier, Lauren M. Speers, Donna M. Chalupa, David C. Delehanty, Joseph M. Huang, Li-Shan Utell, Mark J. Frampton, Mark W. Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Ultrafine particles (UFP) may contribute to the cardiovascular effects of exposure to particulate air pollution, partly because of their relatively efficient alveolar deposition and potential to enter the pulmonary vascular space. OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that inhalation of elemental carbon UFP alters systemic vascular function. METHODS: Sixteen healthy subjects (mean age, 26.9 ± 6.5 years) inhaled air or 50 μg/m(3) elemental carbon UFP by mouthpiece for 2 hr, while exercising intermittently. Measurements at preexposure baseline, 0 hr (immediately after exposure), 3.5 hr, 21 hr, and 45 hr included vital signs, venous occlusion plethysmography and reactive hyperemia of the forearm, and venous plasma nitrate and nitrite levels. RESULTS: Peak forearm blood flow after ischemia increased 3.5 hr after exposure to air but not UFP (change from preexposure baseline, air: 9.31 ± 3.41; UFP: 1.09 ± 2.55 mL/min/100 mL; t-test, p = 0.03). Blood pressure did not change, so minimal resistance after ischemia (mean blood pressure divided by forearm blood flow) decreased with air, but not UFP [change from preexposure baseline, air: −0.48 ± 0.21; UFP: 0.07 ± 0.19 mmHg/mL/min; analysis of variance (ANOVA), p = 0.024]. There was no UFP effect on pre-ischemia forearm blood flow or resistance, or on total forearm blood flow after ischemia. Venous nitrate levels were significantly lower after exposure to carbon UFP compared with air (ANOVA, p = 0.038). There were no differences in venous nitrite levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 50 μg/m(3) carbon UFP during intermittent exercise impairs peak forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia in healthy human subjects. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2008-03 2007-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC2265060/ /pubmed/18335106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10323 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Research
Shah, Alpa P.
Pietropaoli, Anthony P.
Frasier, Lauren M.
Speers, Donna M.
Chalupa, David C.
Delehanty, Joseph M.
Huang, Li-Shan
Utell, Mark J.
Frampton, Mark W.
Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects
title Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects
title_full Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects
title_fullStr Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects
title_short Effect of Inhaled Carbon Ultrafine Particles on Reactive Hyperemia in Healthy Human Subjects
title_sort effect of inhaled carbon ultrafine particles on reactive hyperemia in healthy human subjects
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2265060/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18335106
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10323
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