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Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data
BACKGROUND: Normalization is essential in dual-labelled microarray data analysis to remove non-biological variations and systematic biases. Many normalization methods have been used to remove such biases within slides (Global, Lowess) and across slides (Scale, Quantile and VSN). However, all these p...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2008
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2275243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-25 |
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author | Xiong, Huiling Zhang, Dapeng Martyniuk, Christopher J Trudeau, Vance L Xia, Xuhua |
author_facet | Xiong, Huiling Zhang, Dapeng Martyniuk, Christopher J Trudeau, Vance L Xia, Xuhua |
author_sort | Xiong, Huiling |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Normalization is essential in dual-labelled microarray data analysis to remove non-biological variations and systematic biases. Many normalization methods have been used to remove such biases within slides (Global, Lowess) and across slides (Scale, Quantile and VSN). However, all these popular approaches have critical assumptions about data distribution, which is often not valid in practice. RESULTS: In this study, we propose a novel assumption-free normalization method based on the Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) algorithm. Using experimental and simulated normal microarray data and boutique array data, we systemically evaluate the ability of the GPA method in normalization compared with six other popular normalization methods including Global, Lowess, Scale, Quantile, VSN, and one boutique array-specific housekeeping gene method. The assessment of these methods is based on three different empirical criteria: across-slide variability, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistic and the mean square error (MSE). Compared with other methods, the GPA method performs effectively and consistently better in reducing across-slide variability and removing systematic bias. CONCLUSION: The GPA method is an effective normalization approach for microarray data analysis. In particular, it is free from the statistical and biological assumptions inherent in other normalization methods that are often difficult to validate. Therefore, the GPA method has a major advantage in that it can be applied to diverse types of array sets, especially to the boutique array where the majority of genes may be differentially expressed. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2275243 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-22752432008-03-26 Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data Xiong, Huiling Zhang, Dapeng Martyniuk, Christopher J Trudeau, Vance L Xia, Xuhua BMC Bioinformatics Methodology Article BACKGROUND: Normalization is essential in dual-labelled microarray data analysis to remove non-biological variations and systematic biases. Many normalization methods have been used to remove such biases within slides (Global, Lowess) and across slides (Scale, Quantile and VSN). However, all these popular approaches have critical assumptions about data distribution, which is often not valid in practice. RESULTS: In this study, we propose a novel assumption-free normalization method based on the Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) algorithm. Using experimental and simulated normal microarray data and boutique array data, we systemically evaluate the ability of the GPA method in normalization compared with six other popular normalization methods including Global, Lowess, Scale, Quantile, VSN, and one boutique array-specific housekeeping gene method. The assessment of these methods is based on three different empirical criteria: across-slide variability, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistic and the mean square error (MSE). Compared with other methods, the GPA method performs effectively and consistently better in reducing across-slide variability and removing systematic bias. CONCLUSION: The GPA method is an effective normalization approach for microarray data analysis. In particular, it is free from the statistical and biological assumptions inherent in other normalization methods that are often difficult to validate. Therefore, the GPA method has a major advantage in that it can be applied to diverse types of array sets, especially to the boutique array where the majority of genes may be differentially expressed. BioMed Central 2008-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC2275243/ /pubmed/18199333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-25 Text en Copyright © 2008 Xiong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Methodology Article Xiong, Huiling Zhang, Dapeng Martyniuk, Christopher J Trudeau, Vance L Xia, Xuhua Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data |
title | Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data |
title_full | Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data |
title_fullStr | Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data |
title_full_unstemmed | Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data |
title_short | Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data |
title_sort | using generalized procrustes analysis (gpa) for normalization of cdna microarray data |
topic | Methodology Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2275243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-25 |
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