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Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action

Actions are guided by prior sensory information [1–10], which is inherently uncertain. However, how the motor system is sculpted by trial-by-trial content of current sensory information remains largely unexplored. Previous work suggests that conditional probabilities, learned under a particular cont...

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Autores principales: Bestmann, Sven, Harrison, Lee M., Blankenburg, Felix, Mars, Rogier B., Haggard, Patrick, Friston, Karl J., Rothwell, John C.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cell Press 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18485711
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.051
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author Bestmann, Sven
Harrison, Lee M.
Blankenburg, Felix
Mars, Rogier B.
Haggard, Patrick
Friston, Karl J.
Rothwell, John C.
author_facet Bestmann, Sven
Harrison, Lee M.
Blankenburg, Felix
Mars, Rogier B.
Haggard, Patrick
Friston, Karl J.
Rothwell, John C.
author_sort Bestmann, Sven
collection PubMed
description Actions are guided by prior sensory information [1–10], which is inherently uncertain. However, how the motor system is sculpted by trial-by-trial content of current sensory information remains largely unexplored. Previous work suggests that conditional probabilities, learned under a particular context, can be used preemptively to influence the output of the motor system [11–14]. To test this we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to read out corticospinal excitability (CSE) during preparation for action in an instructed delay task [15, 16]. We systematically varied the uncertainty about an impending action by changing the validity of the instructive visual cue. We used two information-theoretic quantities to predict changes in CSE, prior to action, on a trial-by-trial basis: entropy (average uncertainty) and surprise (the stimulus-bound information conveyed by a visual cue) [17–19]. Our data show that during preparation for action, human CSE varies according to the entropy and surprise conveyed by visual events guiding action. CSE increases on trials with low entropy about the impending action and low surprise conveyed by an event. Commensurate effects were observed in reaction times. We suggest that motor output is biased according to contextual probabilities that are represented dynamically in the brain.
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spelling pubmed-23871982008-06-06 Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action Bestmann, Sven Harrison, Lee M. Blankenburg, Felix Mars, Rogier B. Haggard, Patrick Friston, Karl J. Rothwell, John C. Curr Biol Report Actions are guided by prior sensory information [1–10], which is inherently uncertain. However, how the motor system is sculpted by trial-by-trial content of current sensory information remains largely unexplored. Previous work suggests that conditional probabilities, learned under a particular context, can be used preemptively to influence the output of the motor system [11–14]. To test this we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to read out corticospinal excitability (CSE) during preparation for action in an instructed delay task [15, 16]. We systematically varied the uncertainty about an impending action by changing the validity of the instructive visual cue. We used two information-theoretic quantities to predict changes in CSE, prior to action, on a trial-by-trial basis: entropy (average uncertainty) and surprise (the stimulus-bound information conveyed by a visual cue) [17–19]. Our data show that during preparation for action, human CSE varies according to the entropy and surprise conveyed by visual events guiding action. CSE increases on trials with low entropy about the impending action and low surprise conveyed by an event. Commensurate effects were observed in reaction times. We suggest that motor output is biased according to contextual probabilities that are represented dynamically in the brain. Cell Press 2008-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC2387198/ /pubmed/18485711 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.051 Text en © 2008 ELL & Excerpta Medica. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Open Access under CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) license
spellingShingle Report
Bestmann, Sven
Harrison, Lee M.
Blankenburg, Felix
Mars, Rogier B.
Haggard, Patrick
Friston, Karl J.
Rothwell, John C.
Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action
title Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action
title_full Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action
title_fullStr Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action
title_short Influence of Uncertainty and Surprise on Human Corticospinal Excitability during Preparation for Action
title_sort influence of uncertainty and surprise on human corticospinal excitability during preparation for action
topic Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18485711
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.051
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