Shared decision-making based on different features of risk in the context of diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis

There is an increased awareness about patients’ involvement in the clinical decision process where uncertainty is an unavoidable condition. The impact of psychological factors like risk aversion, risk aversion and time, asymmetry in risk aversion, and risk and control on shared decision-making is discussed. In addition to differences in risk estimates, doctors and patients may exhibit a difference in perception of time perspectives, and losses versus gains. A summary of valuation factors in shared decision-making is presented: (a) the doctors tend to follow expected value combinations more closely, while the patient is more risk aversive; (b) unwillingness to take risks increases for rare outcomes; (c) there is an increased tendency to take risks with delayed outcomes of the decisions; (d) the doctor is generally well informed about risk and time aspects for different diseases, whereas this might not always be the case with the patient; (e) rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, and both create a vulnerability to a variety of complications over time; (f) rheumatoid arthritis demands different combinations of treatments sequentially over time, whereas diabetes mellitus is treated with insulin; (g) many diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus, are not completely affected by control, as the disease may constantly progress.